Abstract
Field grown 2-year-old almond trees (Prunus dulcis cvs. Butte, Carmel, Mission, Ne Plus Ultra, Padre, Peerless, Price, Solano, Sonora, and Thompson) were mechanically inoculated with Xylella fastidiosa in the growing seasons of 2002 and 2003 to study the effect of inoculation date on the movement and colonization of X. fastidiosa and the overwintering persistence of almond leaf scorch disease (ALS) in these cultivars. X. fastidiosa was inoculated into the base of current-season growing shoots in April, May, June, July, August, September, and October. Almond trees inoculated in spring months developed more ALS-symptomatic leaves and more extensive within-plant spread of X. fastidiosa by the end of the current growing season compared with trees inoculated in July, August, September, and October. Trees inoculated in June developed the most severe ALS symptoms during the season in which they were inoculated. Trees inoculated in June and July 2002 had significantly higher disease ratings in 2003 than inoculations made in August and October 2002. Based on disease ratings observed in 2003, 1 year after inoculation, Sonora and Solano were the most ALS susceptible, Mission and Price intermediate, and Carmel, Padre, Ne Plus Ultra, Butte, Peerless, and Thompson were the least susceptible cultivars for allowing X. fastidiosa to overwinter and cause disease the following year. Assessment of all trees in August 2004 indicated that trees inoculated in June and July 2002 had a significantly higher amount of ALS-infected branches than trees inoculated in other months. Butte, Carmel, Padre, and Thompson cultivars had no symptomatic branches, while X. fastidiosa infections persisted or colonized new branches in Sonora, Solano, Peerless, Price, Mission, and Ne Plus Ultra. Based on the 2004 assessment, Sonora was the most susceptible cultivar. Surveys of a diseased orchard in Chico, CA showed large differences in ALS incidence in four almond cultivars. Nonpareil and Peerless had significantly greater incidence of disease than Butte and Carmel over the 2 years surveyed. These data suggest that cultivar susceptibility and the time of X. fastidiosa infection are important factors in determining the persistence of ALS in almond trees.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Almond trees inoculated in spring months developed more ALS-symptomatic leaves than trees inoculated in July to October.
- Taxon
- Prunus dulcis
Prunus dulcise0 - Treatment
- inoculated in spring monthse1
- Interactor
- X. fastidiosa
Xylella fastidiosae1pathogen - Outcome
- ALS-symptomatic leavese1
- Direction
- moree1
- Comparator
- trees inoculated in July, August, September, and Octobere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field grown 2-year-old almond trees (Prunus dulcis”
e1“Almond trees inoculated in spring months developed more ALS-symptomatic leaves and more extensive within-plant spread of X. fastidiosa by the end of the current growing season compared with trees inoculated in July, August, September, and October”
Claim · model-written summary
Almond trees inoculated in spring months had more extensive within-plant spread of X. fastidiosa than trees inoculated in July to October.
- Taxon
- Prunus dulcisPrunus dulcise0
- Treatment
- inoculated in spring monthse1
- Interactor
- X. fastidiosaXylella fastidiosae1pathogen
- Outcome
- within-plant spreade1
- Direction
- more extensivee1
- Comparator
- trees inoculated in July, August, September, and Octobere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field grown 2-year-old almond trees (Prunus dulcis”
e1“Almond trees inoculated in spring months developed more ALS-symptomatic leaves and more extensive within-plant spread of X. fastidiosa by the end of the current growing season compared with trees inoculated in July, August, September, and October”
Claim · model-written summary
Trees inoculated in June developed the most severe ALS symptoms during the season of inoculation.
- Taxon
- Prunus dulcisPrunus dulcise0
- Treatment
- Trees inoculated in Junee2
- Outcome
- ALS symptomse2
- Direction
- most severee2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field grown 2-year-old almond trees (Prunus dulcis”
e2“Trees inoculated in June developed the most severe ALS symptoms during the season in which they were inoculated”
Claim · model-written summary
Trees inoculated in June and July 2002 had significantly higher disease ratings in 2003 than trees inoculated in August and October 2002.
- Taxon
- Prunus dulcisPrunus dulcise0
- Treatment
- Trees inoculated in June and July 2002e3
- Outcome
- disease ratings in 2003e3
- Direction
- highere3
- Comparator
- inoculations made in August and October 2002e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field grown 2-year-old almond trees (Prunus dulcis”
e3“Trees inoculated in June and July 2002 had significantly higher disease ratings in 2003 than inoculations made in August and October 2002”
Claim · model-written summary
Sonora and Solano were the most ALS susceptible almond cultivars.
- Taxon
- Prunus dulcisPrunus dulcise0
- Material
- Sonora and Solanoe4
- Outcome
- most ALS susceptiblee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field grown 2-year-old almond trees (Prunus dulcis”
e4“Sonora and Solano were the most ALS susceptible, Mission and Price intermediate, and Carmel, Padre, Ne Plus Ultra, Butte, Peerless, and Thompson were the least susceptible cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Mission and Price were intermediate in ALS susceptibility.
- Taxon
- Prunus dulcisPrunus dulcise0
- Material
- Mission and Pricee4
- Outcome
- ALS susceptiblee4
- Qualifier
- intermediatee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field grown 2-year-old almond trees (Prunus dulcis”
e4“Sonora and Solano were the most ALS susceptible, Mission and Price intermediate, and Carmel, Padre, Ne Plus Ultra, Butte, Peerless, and Thompson were the least susceptible cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Carmel, Padre, and Ne Plus Ultra were the least susceptible cultivars to ALS.
- Taxon
- Prunus dulcisPrunus dulcise0
- Material
- Carmel, Padre, Ne Plus Ultrae4
- Outcome
- least susceptiblee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field grown 2-year-old almond trees (Prunus dulcis”
e4“Sonora and Solano were the most ALS susceptible, Mission and Price intermediate, and Carmel, Padre, Ne Plus Ultra, Butte, Peerless, and Thompson were the least susceptible cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Butte, Peerless, and Thompson were the least susceptible cultivars to ALS.
- Taxon
- Prunus dulcisPrunus dulcise0
- Material
- Butte, Peerless, and Thompsone4
- Outcome
- least susceptiblee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field grown 2-year-old almond trees (Prunus dulcis”
e4“Sonora and Solano were the most ALS susceptible, Mission and Price intermediate, and Carmel, Padre, Ne Plus Ultra, Butte, Peerless, and Thompson were the least susceptible cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Trees inoculated in June and July 2002 had a higher amount of ALS-infected branches in August 2004 than trees inoculated in other months.
- Taxon
- Prunus dulcisPrunus dulcise0
- Treatment
- trees inoculated in June and July 2002e5
- Outcome
- ALS-infected branchese5
- Direction
- highere5
- Comparator
- trees inoculated in other monthse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field grown 2-year-old almond trees (Prunus dulcis”
e5“trees inoculated in June and July 2002 had a significantly higher amount of ALS-infected branches than trees inoculated in other months”
Claim · model-written summary
Butte, Carmel, Padre, and Thompson had no symptomatic branches in 2004.
- Taxon
- Prunus dulcisPrunus dulcise0
- Material
- Butte, Carmel, Padre, and Thompsone6
- Outcome
- symptomatic branchese6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field grown 2-year-old almond trees (Prunus dulcis”
e6“Butte, Carmel, Padre, and Thompson cultivars had no symptomatic branches”
Claim · model-written summary
X. fastidiosa infections persisted or colonized new branches in Sonora, Solano, and Peerless.
- Taxon
- Prunus dulcisPrunus dulcise0
- Material
- Sonora, Solano, Peerlesse7
- Interactor
- X. fastidiosaXylella fastidiosae7pathogen
- Outcome
- X. fastidiosa infectionse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field grown 2-year-old almond trees (Prunus dulcis”
e7“X. fastidiosa infections persisted or colonized new branches in Sonora, Solano, Peerless, Price, Mission, and Ne Plus Ultra”
Claim · model-written summary
X. fastidiosa infections persisted or colonized new branches in Price, Mission, and Ne Plus Ultra.
- Taxon
- Prunus dulcisPrunus dulcise0
- Material
- Price, Mission, and Ne Plus Ultrae7
- Interactor
- X. fastidiosaXylella fastidiosae7pathogen
- Outcome
- X. fastidiosa infectionse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field grown 2-year-old almond trees (Prunus dulcis”
e7“X. fastidiosa infections persisted or colonized new branches in Sonora, Solano, Peerless, Price, Mission, and Ne Plus Ultra”
Claim · model-written summary
Sonora was the most susceptible cultivar in the 2004 assessment.
- Taxon
- Prunus dulcisPrunus dulcise0
- Material
- Sonorae1
- Outcome
- most susceptiblee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field grown 2-year-old almond trees (Prunus dulcis”
e1“Based on the 2004 assessment, Sonora was the most susceptible cultivar”
Claim · model-written summary
Nonpareil and Peerless had significantly greater ALS incidence than Butte and Carmel over the two years surveyed.
- Taxon
- Prunus dulcisPrunus dulcise0
- Material
- Nonpareil and Peerlesse2
- Outcome
- incidence of diseasee2
- Direction
- greatere2
- Comparator
- Butte and Carmele2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field grown 2-year-old almond trees (Prunus dulcis”
e2“Nonpareil and Peerless had significantly greater incidence of disease than Butte and Carmel over the 2 years surveyed”
Claim · model-written summary
Large differences in ALS incidence were found among four almond cultivars in a diseased orchard in Chico, CA.
- Taxon
- Prunus dulcisPrunus dulcise0
- Outcome
- ALS incidencee3
- Qualifier
- large differencese3
- Setting
- Chico, CAe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field grown 2-year-old almond trees (Prunus dulcis”
e3“Surveys of a diseased orchard in Chico, CA showed large differences in ALS incidence in four almond cultivars”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · growth · Prunus dulcis (almond)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →inoculation · Xylella fastidiosa · Prunus dulcis (almond)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.