Abstract
Abstract Grass tetany, a metabolic disorder of cattle on pasture, has often been related to low Mg and high K levels, and high K/(Ca+Mg) equivalent ratios in forages. These forage mineral imbalances often occur during wet periods when soil O 2 may be low. The effect of 2, 4, 8, 16, and 21% soil air O 2 , on Ca, Mg, and K contents of rye ( Secale cereale L.), ryegrass ( Lolium multiflorum Lam.), and arrowleaf clover ( Trifolium vesiculosum Savi) was studied in the growth chamber at 22 C day air temperatures and 12 or 16 C night temperatures. Increasing soil O 2 , had little effect on Ca or Mg content of rye forage but increased K from 2 to 5%, and increased the K/(Ca+Mg) ratio to over 4. Uptake of K, Ca, and Mg was generally lower at 12 than at 16 C. Ryegrass forage, grown at increasing soil air O 2 , had higher K, Ca, and Mg contents. Concentrations of K, Ca, and Mg in ryegrass were lower at 12 than at 16 C. Magnesium levels at 2 to 16% soil O 2 were below the critical level of 0.2% at 12 C air temperature. Soil O 2 had little effect on the composition of arrowleaf clover forage, except for a small increase in K. These results indicated that ryegrass forages, grown on poorly‐drained soil would likely be more tetany‐prone than that grown on well‐drained soil. However, rye forage would be more tetany‐prone when grown on well‐drained soil. The high Mg levels of arrowleaf clover showed its value in balancing tetany‐prone grass forage when it is maintained in a pasture.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing soil oxygen had little effect on rye Ca or Mg content.
- Taxon
- rye
Secale cerealee0 - Treatment
- soil O 2e0
- Outcome
- Ca or Mg content of rye foragee0
- Direction
- little effecte0
- Comparator
- 2, 4, 8, 16, and 21% soil air O 2e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing soil O 2 , had little effect on Ca or Mg content of rye forage”
e1“2, 4, 8, 16, and 21% soil air O 2”
t0“Three Annual Forage Species”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing soil oxygen raised rye K from 2 to 5%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased K from 2 to 5%”
e1“Increasing soil O 2”
e2“rye ( Secale cereale L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing soil oxygen raised rye K/(Ca+Mg) above 4.
- Taxon
- ryeSecale cerealee2
- Treatment
- soil O 2e1
- Outcome
- K/(Ca+Mg) ratioe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- over 4e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased the K/(Ca+Mg) ratio to over 4”
e1“Increasing soil O 2”
e2“rye ( Secale cereale L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Uptake of K, Ca and Mg was generally lower at 12 than 16 C.
- Taxon
- ryeSecale cerealee1
- Treatment
- 12e0
- Outcome
- Uptake of K, Ca, and Mge0
- Direction
- lowere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Uptake of K, Ca, and Mg was generally lower at 12 than at 16 C”
e1“rye ( Secale cereale L.), ryegrass ( Lolium multiflorum Lam.), and arrowleaf clover ( Trifolium vesiculosum Savi)”
Claim · model-written summary
Ryegrass K, Ca and Mg contents were higher with increasing soil oxygen.
LoliumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ryegrass forage, grown at increasing soil air O 2 , had higher K, Ca, and Mg contents”
Claim · model-written summary
Ryegrass K, Ca and Mg concentrations were lower at 12 than 16 C.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Concentrations of K, Ca, and Mg in ryegrass were lower at 12 than at 16 C”
Claim · model-written summary
Ryegrass Mg was below 0.2% at 2 to 16% soil oxygen and 12 C.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Magnesium levels at 2 to 16% soil O 2 were below the critical level of 0.2% at 12 C air temperature”
e1“ryegrass were lower”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil oxygen had little effect on arrowleaf clover forage composition.
- Taxon
- arrowleaf clovere0
- Treatment
- Soil O 2e0
- Outcome
- composition of arrowleaf clover foragee0
- Direction
- little effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Soil O 2 had little effect on the composition of arrowleaf clover forage”
Claim · model-written summary
Arrowleaf clover K increased slightly with soil oxygen.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Soil O 2 had little effect on the composition of arrowleaf clover forage, except for a small increase in K”
Claim · model-written summary
Ryegrass on poorly drained soil was inferred to be more tetany prone.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ryegrass forages, grown on poorly‐drained soil would likely be more tetany‐prone than that grown on well‐drained soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Rye on well drained soil was inferred to be more tetany prone.
- Taxon
- ryeSecale cerealee0
- Outcome
- tetany‐pronee0
- Direction
- moree0
- Setting
- well‐drained soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rye forage would be more tetany‐prone when grown on well‐drained soil”
Claim · model-written summary
High clover Mg was judged valuable for balancing tetany prone grass forage.
Verbatim
e0“The high Mg levels of arrowleaf clover showed its value in balancing tetany‐prone grass forage when it is maintained in a pasture”