Abstract
Viroids are a unique class of noncoding RNAs: composed of only a circular, single-stranded molecule of 246-401 nt, they manage to replicate, move, circumvent host defenses, and frequently induce disease in higher plants. Viroids replicate through an RNA-to-RNA rolling-circle mechanism consisting of transcription of oligomeric viroid RNA intermediates, cleavage to unit-length strands, and circularization. Though the host RNA polymerase II (redirected to accept RNA templates) mediates RNA synthesis and a type-III RNase presumably cleavage of Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) and closely related members of the family Pospiviroidae, the host enzyme catalyzing the final circularization step, has remained elusive. In this study we propose that PSTVd subverts host DNA ligase 1, converting it to an RNA ligase, for the final step. To support this hypothesis, we show that the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) DNA ligase 1 specifically and efficiently catalyzes circularization of the genuine PSTVd monomeric linear replication intermediate opened at position G95-G96 and containing 5'-phosphomonoester and 3'-hydroxyl terminal groups. Moreover, we also show a decreased PSTVd accumulation and a reduced ratio of monomeric circular to total monomeric PSTVd forms in Nicotiana benthamiana Domin plants in which the endogenous DNA ligase 1 was silenced. Thus, in a remarkable example of parasitic strategy, viroids reprogram for their replication the template and substrate specificity of a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase and a DNA ligase to act as RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and RNA ligase, respectively.
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Claims 3
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato DNA ligase 1 specifically and efficiently circularized PSTVd linear RNA intermediate.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Interactor
- PSTVde0pathogen
- Gene
- DNA ligase 1e0
- Outcome
- circularization of the genuine PSTVd monomeric linear replication intermediatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) DNA ligase 1 specifically and efficiently catalyzes circularization of the genuine PSTVd monomeric linear replication intermediate opened at position G95-G96 and containing 5'-phosphomonoester and 3'-hydroxyl terminal groups”
Claim · model-written summary
DNA ligase 1 silencing decreased PSTVd accumulation in Nicotiana benthamiana.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamiana Domin
Nicotiana benthamianae0 - Treatment
- DNA ligase 1 was silencede0
- Interactor
- PSTVde0pathogen
- Gene
- DNA ligase 1e0
- Outcome
- PSTVd accumulatione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreased PSTVd accumulation and a reduced ratio of monomeric circular to total monomeric PSTVd forms in Nicotiana benthamiana Domin plants in which the endogenous DNA ligase 1 was silenced”
Claim · model-written summary
DNA ligase 1 silencing reduced the circular to total monomeric PSTVd ratio.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamiana DominNicotiana benthamianae0
- Treatment
- DNA ligase 1 was silencede0
- Interactor
- PSTVde0pathogen
- Gene
- DNA ligase 1e0
- Outcome
- ratio of monomeric circular to total monomeric PSTVd formse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreased PSTVd accumulation and a reduced ratio of monomeric circular to total monomeric PSTVd forms in Nicotiana benthamiana Domin plants in which the endogenous DNA ligase 1 was silenced”
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