Abstract
Soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] acclimation to flooding has been investigated at biochemical and physiological levels, but longterm acclimation to flooding may be associated with morphological changes. Supplementing legumes with nitrate ameliorates flooding stress, compared with plants dependent on N 2 fixation. Two experiments evaluated morphological and anatomical changes induced by flooding for plants relying on N 2 fixation or supplemented with nitrate. An additional experiment assessed the role of aerenchyma in flooding acclimation by blocking aerenchyma formation with silver. Flooding soybean for 21 d with nutrient solution without N increased biomass allocation to roots. No aerenchyma was observed in roots of nonflooded plants; however, it was abundant in roots of flooded plants. Porosity measurements of root and stem‐base tissues indicated that 10 to 15% of the volume was gas filled in flooded plants, while gasfilled volume was negligible in the nonflooded controls. Flooding in the presence of nitrate decreased aerenchyma and increased adventitious roots, compared with plants flooded with nutrient solution without N. Increased growth under flooding of nitrate‐supplemented plants, therefore, was not directly associated with increased root porosity. For flooded plants dependent on N 2 fixation, silver prevented aerenchyma and adventitious root development and decreased biomass accumulation and N 2 fixation by approximately one‐half compared with plants flooded in the absence of silver. These results indicate that acclimation to flooding in soybean involves preferential allocation of photosynthates to development of porous adventitious roots and that aerenchyma formation for soybean relying on N 2 fixation is critical for acclimation to flooding.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Flooding soybean for 21 d without N increased biomass allocation to roots compared with nonflooded controls.
- Taxon
- Glycine max
Glycine maxe0 - Organ / stage
- rootse1
- Treatment
- Flooding soybean for 21 d with nutrient solution without Ne1
- Outcome
- biomass allocation to rootse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- nonflooded controlse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] acclimation to flooding has been investigated at biochemical and physiological levels”
e1“Flooding soybean for 21 d with nutrient solution without N increased biomass allocation to roots”
e2“gasfilled volume was negligible in the nonflooded controls”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean roots of flooded plants had abundant aerenchyma, whereas roots of nonflooded plants had none.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- rootse2
- Treatment
- flooded plantse2
- Outcome
- aerenchymae2
- Comparator
- nonflooded plantse2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] acclimation to flooding has been investigated at biochemical and physiological levels”
e2“No aerenchyma was observed in roots of nonflooded plants; however, it was abundant in roots of flooded plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Flooding raised gas-filled root and stem-base porosity of soybean to 10 to 15% of tissue volume, versus negligible in nonflooded controls.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- flooded plantse3
- Outcome
- gas fillede3
- Direction
- higherinferrede3
- Value
- 10 to 15%e3
- Comparator
- nonflooded controlse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] acclimation to flooding has been investigated at biochemical and physiological levels”
e3“10 to 15% of the volume was gas filled in flooded plants, while gasfilled volume was negligible in the nonflooded controls”
Claim · model-written summary
Flooding in the presence of nitrate decreased soybean aerenchyma compared with flooding in nutrient solution without N.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Flooding in the presence of nitratee4
- Outcome
- aerenchymae4
- Direction
- decreasede4
- Comparator
- plants flooded with nutrient solution without Ne4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] acclimation to flooding has been investigated at biochemical and physiological levels”
e4“Flooding in the presence of nitrate decreased aerenchyma and increased adventitious roots, compared with plants flooded with nutrient solution without N”
Claim · model-written summary
Flooding in the presence of nitrate increased soybean adventitious roots compared with flooding in nutrient solution without N.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- adventitious rootse4
- Treatment
- Flooding in the presence of nitratee4
- Outcome
- adventitious rootse4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Comparator
- plants flooded with nutrient solution without Ne4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] acclimation to flooding has been investigated at biochemical and physiological levels”
e4“Flooding in the presence of nitrate decreased aerenchyma and increased adventitious roots, compared with plants flooded with nutrient solution without N”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased growth of nitrate-supplemented flooded soybean was not directly associated with increased root porosity.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- floodinge5
- Outcome
- growthe5
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] acclimation to flooding has been investigated at biochemical and physiological levels”
e5“Increased growth under flooding of nitrate‐supplemented plants, therefore, was not directly associated with increased root porosity”
Claim · model-written summary
Acclimation to flooding in soybean is interpreted to involve preferential allocation of photosynthates to development of porous adventitious roots.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe6
- Outcome
- acclimation to floodinge6
- Qualifier
- preferential allocation of photosynthates to development of porous adventitious rootse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] acclimation to flooding has been investigated at biochemical and physiological levels”
e6“acclimation to flooding in soybean involves preferential allocation of photosynthates to development of porous adventitious roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Aerenchyma formation is interpreted as critical for acclimation to flooding in N2-fixing soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe7
- Outcome
- acclimation to floodinge7
- Qualifier
- aerenchyma formation for soybean relying on N 2 fixatione7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] acclimation to flooding has been investigated at biochemical and physiological levels”
e7“aerenchyma formation for soybean relying on N 2 fixation is critical for acclimation to flooding”
Claim · model-written summary
Silver prevented aerenchyma and adventitious root development in flooded N2-fixing soybean, compared with flooded plants without silver.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- silvere1
- Outcome
- aerenchyma and adventitious root developmente1
- Direction
- preventede1
- Comparator
- plants flooded in the absence of silvere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] acclimation to flooding has been investigated at biochemical and physiological levels”
e1“For flooded plants dependent on N 2 fixation, silver prevented aerenchyma and adventitious root development and decreased biomass accumulation and N 2 fixation by approximately one‐half compared with plants flooded in the absence of silver”
Claim · model-written summary
Silver decreased biomass accumulation and N2 fixation of flooded soybean by approximately one-half, compared with flooded plants without silver.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- silvere1
- Outcome
- biomass accumulation and N 2 fixatione1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- approximately one‐halfe1
- Comparator
- plants flooded in the absence of silvere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] acclimation to flooding has been investigated at biochemical and physiological levels”
e1“For flooded plants dependent on N 2 fixation, silver prevented aerenchyma and adventitious root development and decreased biomass accumulation and N 2 fixation by approximately one‐half compared with plants flooded in the absence of silver”
The same questions in other papers
silver atom · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.