Abstract
ABSTRACT Citrus-growing areas in the Çukurova Region (Eastern Mediterranean) show a rapid increase since major field crops in the region are being shifted to the Southeast Anatolia of Turkey. The area is very productive, however, most of the soils have very low plant available nutrients, such as phosphorus (P), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn). This research was undertaken to find out whether citrus plants are dependent on mycorrhiza in relation to P and Zn nutrition. Seedlings of sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) were grown in a silty soil (Çanakç soil series (Typic Xerofluvents)) low in P and inoculated with Glomus clarum and fertilized with 3 levels of P (0, 100, and 200 ppm) and 3 levels of Zn (0, 2.5, and 5 ppm) in 3 kg soil. Irrespective of P and Zn treatments, mycorrhizal inoculation increased shoot and root dry weight more than tenfold compared to the non-inoculated plants. Since native indigenous mycorrhizal spores were eliminated due to soil sterilization, strongly mycorrhizal dependent sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) seedlings were stunned and not responded to the P and Zn supply in non-mycorrhizal inoculated soils. The results revealed that G. clarum inoculation significantly increased plant P, Zn, and Cu uptake. The G. clarum inoculated plants had less N, Fe, and Mn concentration than non-inoculated plants. The results obtained showed that sour orange is strongly mycorrhizal dependent (MD). Nevertheless, with increasing P and Zn supply, mycorrhizal dependency was gradually decreased. The decrease in mycorrhizal dependency was more pronounced for P requirement rather than Zn requirement. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank Prof. Dr. I. Çakmak for critically reading the manuscript and making suggestions for improvement.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal inoculation with Glomus clarum increased shoot and root dry weight of sour orange more than tenfold relative to non-inoculated plants.
- Taxon
- sour orange
Citrus ×aurantiume0 - Organ / stage
- shoot and roote2
- Treatment
- mycorrhizal inoculatione2
- Interactor
- Glomus clarumRhizophagus claruse1symbiont
- Outcome
- shoot and root dry weighte2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- more than tenfolde2
- Comparator
- non-inoculated plantse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedlings of sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) were grown in a silty soil”
e1“inoculated with Glomus clarum and fertilized with 3 levels of P (0, 100, and 200 ppm) and 3 levels of Zn (0, 2.5, and 5 ppm)”
e2“Irrespective of P and Zn treatments, mycorrhizal inoculation increased shoot and root dry weight more than tenfold compared to the non-inoculated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Glomus clarum inoculation significantly increased plant P, Zn and Cu uptake in sour orange.
- Taxon
- sour orangeCitrus ×aurantiume0
- Treatment
- G. clarum inoculatione4
- Interactor
- G. clarumRhizophagus claruse4symbiont
- Outcome
- plant P, Zn, and Cu uptakee4
- Direction
- increasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedlings of sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) were grown in a silty soil”
e4“The results revealed that G. clarum inoculation significantly increased plant P, Zn, and Cu uptake”
Claim · model-written summary
Glomus clarum inoculated sour orange had less N, Fe and Mn concentration than non-inoculated plants.
- Taxon
- sour orangeCitrus ×aurantiume0
- Treatment
- G. clarum inoculatede5
- Interactor
- G. clarumRhizophagus claruse5symbiont
- Outcome
- N, Fe, and Mn concentratione5
- Direction
- lesse5
- Comparator
- non-inoculated plantse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedlings of sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) were grown in a silty soil”
e5“The G. clarum inoculated plants had less N, Fe, and Mn concentration than non-inoculated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Sour orange is strongly mycorrhizal dependent.
- Taxon
- sour orangeCitrus ×aurantiume6
- Outcome
- mycorrhizal dependente6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“sour orange is strongly mycorrhizal dependent (MD)”
Claim · model-written summary
With increasing P and Zn supply, mycorrhizal dependency of sour orange gradually decreased.
- Taxon
- sour orangeCitrus ×aurantiume0
- Treatment
- increasing P and Zn supplye7
- Outcome
- mycorrhizal dependencye7
- Direction
- decreasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedlings of sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) were grown in a silty soil”
e7“with increasing P and Zn supply, mycorrhizal dependency was gradually decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
The decrease in mycorrhizal dependency of sour orange was more pronounced for P requirement than for Zn requirement.
- Taxon
- sour orangeCitrus ×aurantiume0
- Treatment
- P requiremente1
- Outcome
- decrease in mycorrhizal dependencye1
- Direction
- more pronouncede1
- Comparator
- Zn requiremente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedlings of sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) were grown in a silty soil”
e1“The decrease in mycorrhizal dependency was more pronounced for P requirement rather than Zn requirement”
Claim · model-written summary
Non-mycorrhizal sour orange seedlings were stunned and did not respond to P and Zn supply.
- Taxon
- sour orangeCitrus ×aurantiume0
- Treatment
- P and Zn supplye3
- Outcome
- stunnede3
- Direction
- not respondede3
- Comparator
- non-mycorrhizal inoculated soilse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedlings of sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) were grown in a silty soil”
e3“strongly mycorrhizal dependent sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) seedlings were stunned and not responded to the P and Zn supply in non-mycorrhizal inoculated soils”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · nutrient: content · Citrus x aurantium (sour orange)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.