Abstract
The overall objective of the present study was to determine the loading limits of composts that should be applied annually to irrigated wheat. We conducted a container experiment in a greenhouse during four years. It included eight treatments: sewage sludge compost (SSC) and cattle manure compost (CMC), each applied annually to a sandy soil, at rates equivalent to 3, 6, and 12 kg m(-2), and two controls, one fertilized and one unfertilized. Total dry matter (DM), grain production, and the amount of N, P, and K taken up by plants increased with increasing compost rate. Nitrogen uptake by the plants of the fertilized control was much higher than by the plants of the highest compost rate. Phosphorus and K uptake by the plants amended with the highest compost rate was much higher than by the fertilized control plants. Inorganic N quantity in the soil increased with increasing compost rate and with successive applications. The net N mineralization during the first year of wheat growth was very low, less than 3.5% of the applied organic N under all compost application rates. The contribution of the organic N mineralization increased during the second and third years. Most of the N increase in the compost treatment was found in the upper layer of 0 to 15 cm, whereas in the fertilized treatment N accumulated from the surface to the bottom of the container, 0 to 55 cm. The successive application of high rates of composts resulted in P and K accumulation in the soil profile.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Total dry matter (DM) increased with compost rate in wheat.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- compost ratee0
- Outcome
- Total dry matter (DM)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total dry matter (DM), grain production, and the amount of N, P, and K taken up by plants increased with increasing compost rate.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
grain production increased with compost rate in wheat.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- compost ratee0
- Outcome
- grain productione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total dry matter (DM), grain production, and the amount of N, P, and K taken up by plants increased with increasing compost rate.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
amount of N, P, and K taken up by plants increased with compost rate in wheat.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- compost ratee0
- Outcome
- amount of N, P, and K taken up by plantse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total dry matter (DM), grain production, and the amount of N, P, and K taken up by plants increased with increasing compost rate.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen uptake in the fertilized control exceeded that at the highest compost rate.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- fertilized controle0
- Outcome
- Nitrogen uptakee0
- Direction
- much highere0
- Comparator
- highest compost ratee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen uptake by the plants of the fertilized control was much higher than by the plants of the highest compost rate.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus and potassium uptake at the highest compost rate exceeded the fertilized control.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- highest compost ratee0
- Outcome
- Phosphorus and K uptakee0
- Direction
- much highere0
- Comparator
- fertilized control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phosphorus and K uptake by the plants amended with the highest compost rate was much higher than by the fertilized control plants.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Inorganic N quantity in the soil was reported for compost-treated wheat.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- increasing compost ratee0
- Outcome
- Inorganic N quantity in the soile0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inorganic N quantity in the soil increased with increasing compost rate and with successive applications.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
net N mineralization was reported for compost-treated wheat.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- net N mineralizatione0
- Direction
- very lowe0
- Value
- less than 3.5%e0
- Qualifier
- first year of wheat growthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The net N mineralization during the first year of wheat growth was very low, less than 3.5% of the applied organic N under all compost application rates.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
contribution of the organic N mineralization was reported for compost-treated wheat.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- contribution of the organic N mineralizatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- second and third yearse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The contribution of the organic N mineralization increased during the second and third years.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
P and K accumulation in the soil profile was reported for compost-treated wheat.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- successive application of high rates of compostse0
- Outcome
- P and K accumulation in the soil profilee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The successive application of high rates of composts resulted in P and K accumulation in the soil profile.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil N increase occurred at 0 to 15 cm under compost treatment.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- compost treatmente0
- Outcome
- N increasee0
- Value
- 0 to 15 cme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Most of the N increase in the compost treatment was found in the upper layer of 0 to 15 cm, whereas in the fertilized treatment N accumulated from the surface to the bottom of the container, 0 to 55 cm.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil N accumulated occurred at 0 to 55 cm under fertilized treatment.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- fertilized treatmente0
- Outcome
- N accumulatede0
- Value
- 0 to 55 cme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Most of the N increase in the compost treatment was found in the upper layer of 0 to 15 cm, whereas in the fertilized treatment N accumulated from the surface to the bottom of the container, 0 to 55 cm.”
t0“Wheat”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
662 papers in the same direction as this paper · 89 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- no effect
- negative
751 papers more in this group
See all 755 papers →fertilization · nutrient: content · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
853 papers in the same direction as this paper · 95 in the opposite direction · 10 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- positive
955 papers more in this group
See all 959 papers →fertilization · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
3,114 papers in the same direction as this paper · 284 in the opposite direction · 39 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- positive
3,434 papers more in this group
See all 3,438 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.