Abstract
Substantial progress has been made toward micropropagation of date palm species by somatic embryogenesis. Routine production faced disadvantage due to persisting problems with the efficiency of embryo maturation and conversion. This was attributed to the formation of somatic embryos with numerous morphological abnormalities. The present paper was conducted to study the desiccation effect of poly ethylene glycol (PEG) in relation to embryo maturation, and germination. Abnormal malformed embryo explants were cultured on germination medium supplemented with different concentrations of PEG (15, 20 and 25 g l−1) for two periods (15, 30 days) as desiccation treatments. Clear significant changes showed de novo organs as newly direct somatic embryos (secondary embryos). These embryos could be germinated with shoot formation from all desiccated abnormal somatic embryo explants with PEG treatments. The addition of PEG at 20 g l−1 to germination medium for 30 days gave the highest significant number of newly direct somatic embryos comparing with other treatments. Finally secondary somatic embryos converted to full plantlets. For the first time histological investigation was made to reveal anatomical development of secondary embryos from abnormal malformed embryos under (PEG) treatments. The first step showed numerous meristematic multicellular centers occurring before treatment with (PEG). These centers may serve as an inactive source of embryoids. Some morphological and histological changes were recorded during (PEG) treatments and determined by special developmental stages (2-celled, 4-celled, globular and bipolar embryos with normal structure) of new somatic embryos of date palm. The presented data strongly supported that the osmotic stress caused by different concentrations of PEG activates the process of morpho-ontogenetic events to develop new healthy somatic embryos.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
PEG-treated malformed embryos produced new direct secondary somatic embryos with significant organ changes.
- Taxon
- date palm
Phoenix dactyliferat0 - Material
- cv. Gundilat0
- Treatment
- PEG (15, 20 and 25 g l−1)e0
- Outcome
- newly direct somatic embryos (secondary embryos)e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Abnormal malformed embryo explants were cultured on germination medium supplemented with different concentrations of PEG (15, 20 and 25 g l−1) for two periods (15, 30 days) as desiccation treatments. Clear significant changes showed de novo organs as newly direct somatic embryos (secondary embryos)”
t0“date palm cv. Gundila”
Claim · model-written summary
Embryos from all PEG-treated desiccated explants germinated with shoot formation.
- Taxon
- date palmPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Material
- cv. Gundilat0
- Treatment
- PEG treatmentse0
- Outcome
- germinated with shoot formatione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These embryos could be germinated with shoot formation from all desiccated abnormal somatic embryo explants with PEG treatments”
t0“date palm cv. Gundila”
Claim · model-written summary
PEG at 20 g l−1 for 30 days gave the highest number of new direct somatic embryos.
- Taxon
- date palmPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Material
- cv. Gundilat0
- Treatment
- PEG at 20 g l−1e0
- Outcome
- number of newly direct somatic embryose0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 20 g l−1e0
- Qualifier
- for 30 dayse0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The addition of PEG at 20 g l−1 to germination medium for 30 days gave the highest significant number of newly direct somatic embryos comparing with other treatments”
t0“date palm cv. Gundila”
Claim · model-written summary
Secondary somatic embryos converted into full plantlets.
- Taxon
- date palmPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Material
- cv. Gundilat0
- Outcome
- converted to full plantletse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“secondary somatic embryos converted to full plantlets”
t0“date palm cv. Gundila”
Claim · model-written summary
Meristematic multicellular centers occurred before PEG treatment.
- Taxon
- date palmPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Material
- cv. Gundilat0
- Outcome
- meristematic multicellular centers occurringe0
- Qualifier
- before treatment with (PEG)e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“numerous meristematic multicellular centers occurring before treatment with (PEG)”
t0“date palm cv. Gundila”
Claim · model-written summary
PEG-treated embryos developed through two-cell, four-cell, globular and bipolar stages with normal structure.
- Taxon
- date palmPhoenix dactyliferae0
- Material
- cv. Gundilat0
- Treatment
- (PEG) treatmentse0
- Outcome
- 2-celled, 4-celled, globular and bipolar embryos with normal structuree0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Some morphological and histological changes were recorded during (PEG) treatments and determined by special developmental stages (2-celled, 4-celled, globular and bipolar embryos with normal structure) of new somatic embryos of date palm”
t0“date palm cv. Gundila”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors interpret PEG osmotic stress as activating development of healthy somatic embryos.
- Taxon
- date palmPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Material
- cv. Gundilat0
- Treatment
- different concentrations of PEGe0
- Outcome
- develop new healthy somatic embryose0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the osmotic stress caused by different concentrations of PEG activates the process of morpho-ontogenetic events to develop new healthy somatic embryos”
t0“date palm cv. Gundila”
The same questions in other papers
poly(ethylene glycol) · growth · Phoenix dactylifera (date palm)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.