Abstract
While ureides and amides can be utilized for soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] tissue growth in situ, their nutritional effectiveness for seed growth in vitro is not fully characterized. Therefore, the ureides allantoin and allantoate at 31 m M , and the amides asparagine and glutamine at 62 m M , were evaluated as the sole N source for seed growth and maturation in vitro with and without pods. Small and large isolated seeds (50–70 and 300 mg fresh wt.) and small (50 to 70 mg fresh wt.) seeds in detached pods were cultured separately in liquid medium with no or one N source, 1.2 or 0.1 m M P, and 147 m M sucrose, minerals, and vitamins. Allantoin or allantoate did not support seed growth as well as glutamine with isolated seeds or detached pods, and resulted in rapid yellowing of tissues, less dry matter accumulation, and a higher water concentration at harvest. Glutamine and asparagine were equivalent as N sources in supporting growth of 300‐mg seeds with 1.2 m M phosphate, but glutamine was superior to asparagine with 0.1 m M P and also with isolated 50‐ to 70‐mg seeds in both 1.2 and 0.1 m M P. In contrast, glutamine and asparagine were comparable for growth of 50‐ to 70‐mg seeds in detached pods. Phosphate at 0.1 m M with either glutamine or asparagine resulted in increased fresh weight, retention of green color, a higher water concentration, and tissue blackening, but no change in dry matter accumulation during culture of isolated 50‐ to 70‐mg seeds. Glutamine supported soybean seed growth and maturation in all three in vitro systems, while asparagine was a suitable N source for seeds cultured in detached pods or as isolated 300‐mg seeds. Neither ureide was an effective substitute for the amides as the sole N source for seed growth in vitro with or without pods.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Allantoin supported less soybean seed growth than glutamine in isolated seeds or detached pods.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe1 - Treatment
- Allantoine0
- Outcome
- seed growthe0
- Direction
- did not support seed growth as well ase0
- Comparator
- glutaminee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Allantoin or allantoate did not support seed growth as well as glutamine with isolated seeds or detached pods”
e1“soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
Claim · model-written summary
Allantoate supported less soybean seed growth than glutamine in isolated seeds or detached pods.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- allantoatee0
- Outcome
- seed growthe0
- Direction
- did not support seed growth as well ase0
- Comparator
- glutaminee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Allantoin or allantoate did not support seed growth as well as glutamine with isolated seeds or detached pods”
e1“soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
Claim · model-written summary
Ureide treatments rapidly yellowed soybean tissues relative to glutamine.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- Allantoin or allantoatee0
- Outcome
- rapid yellowing of tissuese0
- Comparator
- glutaminee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Allantoin or allantoate did not support seed growth as well as glutamine with isolated seeds or detached pods, and resulted in rapid yellowing of tissues”
e1“soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
Claim · model-written summary
Ureide treatments reduced dry matter accumulation relative to glutamine.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- Allantoin or allantoatee0
- Outcome
- dry matter accumulatione0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- glutaminee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Allantoin or allantoate did not support seed growth as well as glutamine with isolated seeds or detached pods, and resulted in rapid yellowing of tissues, less dry matter accumulation”
e1“soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
Claim · model-written summary
Ureide treatments increased water concentration at harvest relative to glutamine.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- Allantoin or allantoatee0
- Outcome
- water concentration at harveste0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- glutaminee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Allantoin or allantoate did not support seed growth as well as glutamine with isolated seeds or detached pods, and resulted in rapid yellowing of tissues, less dry matter accumulation, and a higher water concentration at harvest”
e1“soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
Claim · model-written summary
Glutamine and asparagine equivalently supported 300-mg seed growth at 1.2 mM phosphate.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- Glutaminee0
- Outcome
- growth of 300‐mg seedse0
- Direction
- equivalente0
- Qualifier
- 1.2 m M phosphatee0
- Comparator
- asparaginee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glutamine and asparagine were equivalent as N sources in supporting growth of 300‐mg seeds with 1.2 m M phosphate”
e1“soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
Claim · model-written summary
Glutamine was superior to asparagine for 300-mg seed growth at low phosphate.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe2
- Treatment
- glutaminee0
- Outcome
- growth of 300‐mg seedse1
- Direction
- superiore0
- Qualifier
- 0.1 m M Pe0
- Comparator
- asparaginee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“glutamine was superior to asparagine with 0.1 m M P”
e1“growth of 300‐mg seeds”
e2“soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
Claim · model-written summary
Glutamine was superior to asparagine for isolated small seed growth at both phosphate levels.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- glutaminee0
- Outcome
- isolated 50‐ to 70‐mg seedse0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Qualifier
- both 1.2 and 0.1 m M Pe0
- Comparator
- asparaginee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“glutamine was superior to asparagine with 0.1 m M P and also with isolated 50‐ to 70‐mg seeds in both 1.2 and 0.1 m M P”
e1“soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
Claim · model-written summary
Glutamine and asparagine comparably supported small seed growth in detached pods.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- glutaminee0
- Outcome
- growth of 50‐ to 70‐mg seeds in detached podse0
- Direction
- comparablee0
- Comparator
- asparaginee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“glutamine and asparagine were comparable for growth of 50‐ to 70‐mg seeds in detached pods”
e1“soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
Claim · model-written summary
Low phosphate increased fresh weight of isolated small seeds.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- Phosphate at 0.1 m Me0
- Outcome
- fresh weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phosphate at 0.1 m M with either glutamine or asparagine resulted in increased fresh weight, retention of green color, a higher water concentration, and tissue blackening, but no change in dry matter accumulation during culture of isolated 50‐ to 70‐mg seeds”
e1“soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
Claim · model-written summary
Low phosphate retained green color in isolated small seeds.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- Phosphate at 0.1 m Me0
- Outcome
- retention of green colore0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phosphate at 0.1 m M with either glutamine or asparagine resulted in increased fresh weight, retention of green color”
e1“soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
Claim · model-written summary
Low phosphate increased water concentration in isolated small seeds.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- Phosphate at 0.1 m Me0
- Outcome
- water concentratione0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phosphate at 0.1 m M with either glutamine or asparagine resulted in increased fresh weight, retention of green color, a higher water concentration”
e1“soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
Claim · model-written summary
Low phosphate caused tissue blackening in isolated small seeds.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- Phosphate at 0.1 m Me0
- Outcome
- tissue blackeninge0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phosphate at 0.1 m M with either glutamine or asparagine resulted in increased fresh weight, retention of green color, a higher water concentration, and tissue blackening”
e1“soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
Claim · model-written summary
Low phosphate did not change dry matter accumulation in isolated small seeds.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- Phosphate at 0.1 m Me0
- Outcome
- dry matter accumulatione0
- Direction
- no changee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phosphate at 0.1 m M with either glutamine or asparagine resulted in increased fresh weight, retention of green color, a higher water concentration, and tissue blackening, but no change in dry matter accumulation during culture of isolated 50‐ to 70‐mg seeds”
e1“soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
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See all 355 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.