Abstract
Soil salinization and alkalinization frequently co-occur in nature, but there is little information on the interactive effects of salt and alkali stresses on plants. Seed germination and early seedling growth are crucial stages for plant establishment. We investigated the interactive effects of salt and alkali stresses on seed germination, germination recovery and seedling growth of a halophyte Spartina alterniflora. Seed germination percentage was not significantly reduced at low salinity (≤ 200 mM) at pH 6.63–9.95, but decreased with increased salinity and pH. Ungerminated seeds germinated well after transfer to distilled water from treatment solutions, indicating that seeds can remain viable in high salt–alkaline habits. Shoot growth was stimulated at low salinity and pH, but decreased with increased salinity and pH. Radicle elongation decreased sharply with increased salinity and pH, and was significantly inhibited when pH ≥ 9.0, indicating that the radicles are very sensitive to salt–alkaline stress. The deleterious effects of salinity or high pH alone were less than when combined. A reciprocal enhancement of salt and alkali stresses is a characteristic feature for salt–alkaline stress. Stepwise regression analysis indicates that salinity is the dominant factor, while pH and buffer capacity are secondary for salt–alkaline mixed stress.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Low salinity at pH 6.63–9.95 did not significantly reduce seed germination percentage.
- Taxon
- Spartina alterniflora
Sporobolus alterniflorust0 - Treatment
- low salinity (≤ 200 mM) at pH 6.63–9.95e0
- Outcome
- Seed germination percentagee0
- Direction
- not significantly reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed germination percentage was not significantly reduced at low salinity (≤ 200 mM) at pH 6.63–9.95”
t0“Spartina alterniflora”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed germination percentage decreased as salinity and pH increased.
- Taxon
- Spartina alternifloraSporobolus alterniflorust0
- Treatment
- increased salinity and pHe0
- Outcome
- Seed germination percentagee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed germination percentage was not significantly reduced at low salinity (≤ 200 mM) at pH 6.63–9.95, but decreased with increased salinity and pH”
t0“Spartina alterniflora”
Claim · model-written summary
Ungerminated seeds germinated well after transfer from treatment solutions to distilled water.
- Taxon
- Spartina alternifloraSporobolus alterniflorust0
- Treatment
- transfer to distilled watere0
- Outcome
- seeds germinated welle0
- Comparator
- treatment solutionse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ungerminated seeds germinated well after transfer to distilled water from treatment solutions”
t0“Spartina alterniflora”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot growth was stimulated at low salinity and pH.
- Taxon
- Spartina alternifloraSporobolus alterniflorust0
- Treatment
- low salinity and pHe0
- Outcome
- Shoot growthe0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shoot growth was stimulated at low salinity and pH”
t0“Spartina alterniflora”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot growth decreased with increasing salinity and pH.
- Taxon
- Spartina alternifloraSporobolus alterniflorust0
- Treatment
- increased salinity and pHe0
- Outcome
- Shoot growthe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shoot growth was stimulated at low salinity and pH, but decreased with increased salinity and pH”
t0“Spartina alterniflora”
Claim · model-written summary
Radicle elongation decreased sharply as salinity and pH increased.
- Taxon
- Spartina alternifloraSporobolus alterniflorust0
- Treatment
- increased salinity and pHe0
- Outcome
- Radicle elongatione0
- Direction
- decreased sharplye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Radicle elongation decreased sharply with increased salinity and pH”
t0“Spartina alterniflora”
Claim · model-written summary
Radicle elongation was significantly inhibited at pH ≥ 9.0.
- Taxon
- Spartina alternifloraSporobolus alterniflorust0
- Treatment
- pH ≥ 9.0e0
- Outcome
- Radicle elongatione1
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“was significantly inhibited when pH ≥ 9.0”
e1“Radicle elongation decreased sharply with increased salinity and pH”
t0“Spartina alterniflora”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined salinity and high pH had more deleterious effects than either stress alone.
- Taxon
- Spartina alternifloraSporobolus alterniflorust0
- Treatment
- when combinede0
- Outcome
- deleterious effectse0
- Direction
- less thane0
- Comparator
- salinity or high pH alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The deleterious effects of salinity or high pH alone were less than when combined”
t0“Spartina alterniflora”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity was the dominant factor for mixed salt and alkali stress, while pH and buffer capacity were secondary.
- Taxon
- Spartina alternifloraSporobolus alterniflorust0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- dominant factore0
- Qualifier
- pH and buffer capacity are secondarye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stepwise regression analysis indicates that salinity is the dominant factor, while pH and buffer capacity are secondary for salt–alkaline mixed stress”
t0“Spartina alterniflora”
The same questions in other papers
salinity · growth · Sporobolus alterniflorus (smooth cordgrass)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- no effect
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.