Abstract
Gradients in oxygen availability and salinity are among the most important environmental parameters influencing zonation in salt marsh communities. The combined effects of oxygen and salinity on the germination of two salt marsh grasses, Spartina alterniflora and Phragmites australis , were studied in growth chamber experiments. Germination of both species was initiated by emergence of the shoot and completed by root emergence. Percentage S. alterniflora germination was reduced at high salinity (40 g NaCl/L) and in decreased oxygen (5 and 2.5%). In 0% oxygen shoots emerged, but roots did not. P. australis germination was reduced at a lower salinity (25 g NaCl/L) than S. alterniflora , and inhibited at 40 g NaCl/L and in anoxia. However, a combination of hypoxia (10 and 5% O2) and moderate salinity (5 and 10 g NaCl/L) increased P. australis germination. When bare areas in the salt marsh are colonized, the different germination responses of these two species to combinations of oxygen and salt concentrations are important in establishing their initial zonation. In high salinity wetlands S. alterniflora populates the lower marsh and P. australis occupies the high marsh at the upland boundary.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Spartina alterniflora germination fell at 40 g NaCl/L salinity.
- Taxon
- Spartina alterniflora
Sporobolus alterniflorust0 - Treatment
- high salinity (40 g NaCl/L)e0
- Outcome
- S. alterniflora germinatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 40 g NaCl/Le0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Percentage S. alterniflora germination was reduced at high salinity (40 g NaCl/L) and in decreased oxygen (5 and 2.5%).”
t0“Spartina alterniflora”
Claim · model-written summary
Spartina alterniflora germination fell at 5% oxygen.
- Taxon
- Spartina alternifloraSporobolus alterniflorust0
- Treatment
- decreased oxygen (5 and 2.5%)e0
- Outcome
- S. alterniflora germinatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 5 and 2.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Percentage S. alterniflora germination was reduced at high salinity (40 g NaCl/L) and in decreased oxygen (5 and 2.5%).”
t0“Spartina alterniflora”
Claim · model-written summary
In anoxia, Spartina shoots emerged but roots did not.
- Taxon
- Spartina alternifloraSporobolus alterniflorust0
- Treatment
- 0% oxygene0
- Outcome
- shoots emerged, but roots did note0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 0% oxygen shoots emerged, but roots did not.”
t0“Spartina alterniflora”
Claim · model-written summary
Phragmites australis germination fell at 25 g NaCl/L.
- Taxon
- Phragmites australis
Phragmites australist0 - Treatment
- 25 g NaCl/Le0
- Outcome
- P. australis germinatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 25 g NaCl/Le0
- Comparator
- S. alterniflorae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P. australis germination was reduced at a lower salinity (25 g NaCl/L) than S. alterniflora , and inhibited at 40 g NaCl/L and in anoxia.”
t0“Phragmites australis”
Claim · model-written summary
Phragmites australis germination was inhibited at 40 g NaCl/L.
- Taxon
- Phragmites australisPhragmites australist0
- Treatment
- 40 g NaCl/Le0
- Outcome
- P. australis germinatione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P. australis germination was reduced at a lower salinity (25 g NaCl/L) than S. alterniflora , and inhibited at 40 g NaCl/L and in anoxia.”
t0“Phragmites australis”
Claim · model-written summary
Phragmites australis germination was inhibited in anoxia.
- Taxon
- Phragmites australisPhragmites australist0
- Treatment
- anoxiae0
- Outcome
- P. australis germinatione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P. australis germination was reduced at a lower salinity (25 g NaCl/L) than S. alterniflora , and inhibited at 40 g NaCl/L and in anoxia.”
t0“Phragmites australis”
Claim · model-written summary
Hypoxia of 10 and 5% O2 with 5 and 10 g NaCl/L increased Phragmites germination.
- Taxon
- Phragmites australisPhragmites australist0
- Treatment
- combination of hypoxia (10 and 5% O2) and moderate salinity (5 and 10 g NaCl/L)e0
- Outcome
- P. australis germinatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, a combination of hypoxia (10 and 5% O2) and moderate salinity (5 and 10 g NaCl/L) increased P. australis germination.”
t0“Phragmites australis”
Claim · model-written summary
Spartina alterniflora populated the lower marsh in high-salinity wetlands.
- Taxon
- Spartina alternifloraSporobolus alterniflorust0
- Outcome
- populates the lower marshe0
- Setting
- high salinity wetlandse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In high salinity wetlands S. alterniflora populates the lower marsh and P. australis occupies the high marsh at the upland boundary.”
t0“Spartina alterniflora”
Claim · model-written summary
Phragmites australis occupied high marsh at the upland boundary in high-salinity wetlands.
- Taxon
- Phragmites australisPhragmites australist0
- Outcome
- occupies the high marsh at the upland boundarye0
- Setting
- high salinity wetlandse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In high salinity wetlands S. alterniflora populates the lower marsh and P. australis occupies the high marsh at the upland boundary.”
t0“Phragmites australis”
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- no effect
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3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 13 in the opposite direction
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See all 17 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.