Abstract
Abstract Growth, activity of antioxidant enzymes viz. glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), and some metabolic processes related to ammonium metabolism were investigated in a salt‐tolerant Spatina alterniflora. In comparison to 0 mM–NaCl treatment, growth of S. alterniflora plant increased significantly at 200 mM NaCl, but was highly inhibited at 500 mM NaCl. Ammonium concentration in the leaves and roots increased 2.1–3.4 times when plants were treated with 500 mM NaCl. Under 200 mM NaCl, antioxidant‐enzyme activities increased, however, at 500 mM the antioxidant system was unable to compensate reactive oxygen species induced by NaCl. At this high level of salinity, ammonium production through nitrate reductase (NR) was inhibited, but no significant changes in the activities of glutamine synthetase (GS) or glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) were found. We conclude that the accumulation of ammonium under high salt stress was not due to inhibition of the assimilatory activities of GS or GDH. Ammonia accumulation under high salinity may result from amino acid and protein catabolism activated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and/or a lack of carbon skeletons to incorporate ammonium into organic molecules due to a decrease in photosynthetic activity in salt‐stressed plants.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Growth increased at 200 mM NaCl relative to 0 mM.
- Taxon
- S. alterniflora
Sporobolus alternifloruse0 - Treatment
- 200 mM NaCle0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- 0 mM–NaCl treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In comparison to 0 mM–NaCl treatment, growth of S. alterniflora plant increased significantly at 200 mM NaCl”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth was highly inhibited at 500 mM NaCl.
- Taxon
- S. alternifloraSporobolus alternifloruse0
- Treatment
- 500 mM NaCle0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Comparator
- 200 mM NaCle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth of S. alterniflora plant increased significantly at 200 mM NaCl, but was highly inhibited at 500 mM NaCl”
Claim · model-written summary
At 500 mM NaCl, ammonium rose 2.1–3.4 times in leaves and roots.
- Taxon
- Spartina alternifloraSporobolus alterniflorust0
- Organ / stage
- leaves and rootse0
- Treatment
- 500 mM NaCle0
- Outcome
- Ammonium concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 2.1–3.4 timese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ammonium concentration in the leaves and roots increased 2.1–3.4 times when plants were treated with 500 mM NaCl.”
t0“Spartina alterniflora”
Claim · model-written summary
Antioxidant enzyme activities increased under 200 mM NaCl.
- Taxon
- Spartina alternifloraSporobolus alterniflorust0
- Treatment
- 200 mM NaCle0
- Outcome
- antioxidant‐enzyme activitiese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under 200 mM NaCl, antioxidant‐enzyme activities increased”
t0“Spartina alterniflora”
Claim · model-written summary
At 500 mM NaCl, antioxidant defenses did not compensate for induced ROS.
- Taxon
- Spartina alternifloraSporobolus alterniflorust0
- Treatment
- 500 mMe0
- Outcome
- antioxidant system was unable to compensate reactive oxygen speciese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at 500 mM the antioxidant system was unable to compensate reactive oxygen species induced by NaCl”
t0“Spartina alterniflora”
Claim · model-written summary
High salinity inhibited ammonium production through nitrate reductase.
- Taxon
- Spartina alternifloraSporobolus alterniflorust0
- Treatment
- high level of salinitye0
- Outcome
- ammonium production through nitrate reductase (NR)e0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At this high level of salinity, ammonium production through nitrate reductase (NR) was inhibited”
t0“Spartina alterniflora”
Claim · model-written summary
High salinity did not significantly change GS or GDH activities.
- Taxon
- Spartina alternifloraSporobolus alterniflorust0
- Treatment
- high level of salinitye1
- Outcome
- activities of glutamine synthetase (GS) or glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH)e0
- Direction
- no significant changese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no significant changes in the activities of glutamine synthetase (GS) or glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) were found”
e1“At this high level of salinity”
t0“Spartina alterniflora”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors infer ammonium accumulation was not due to inhibited GS or GDH assimilation.
- Taxon
- Spartina alternifloraSporobolus alterniflorust0
- Outcome
- accumulation of ammoniume0
- Qualifier
- inhibition of the assimilatory activities of GS or GDHe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the accumulation of ammonium under high salt stress was not due to inhibition of the assimilatory activities of GS or GDH”
t0“Spartina alterniflora”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors propose ROS-activated catabolism or carbon skeleton shortage as causes of ammonia accumulation.
- Taxon
- Spartina alternifloraSporobolus alterniflorust0
- Outcome
- Ammonia accumulatione0
- Qualifier
- amino acid and protein catabolism activated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and/or a lack of carbon skeletonse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ammonia accumulation under high salinity may result from amino acid and protein catabolism activated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and/or a lack of carbon skeletons to incorporate ammonium into organic molecules due to a decrease in photosynthetic activity”
t0“Spartina alterniflora”
The same questions in other papers
sodium chloride · growth · Sporobolus alterniflorus (smooth cordgrass)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →salinity · molecular: metabolites · Sporobolus alterniflorus (smooth cordgrass)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.