Abstract
Abstract In saline media the osmotic potentials are often of the same magnitude as the matric potential. Thus their interaction effects on plant growth are important. This study was conducted to determine the interaction effects of osmotic potentials of soil water induced by NaCl (0, −4, −8, and −12 bars) and matric potentials induced by Carbowax 4000 (−0.3, −2.5, −5.0, and −7.5 bars) on the shoot and root growth and root elongation rate of 2‐week‐old wheat seedlings ( Triticum aestivum L.) in a walk‐in growth room. Seedlings of spring wheat, ‘Fielder’, were grown in a Xerollic Durargids loam soil separated from the surrounding nutrient solution by a semipermeable, cellulose‐acetate membrane. Leaf water potential was measured with a pressure chamber apparatus. Root length was estimated by line‐intersection counting of stained root segments during microscopic examination. Plant growth was measured by the determination of dry weights of shoots and roots at the beginning and end of an 11‐day experimental period. Growth was more reduced by decreases in matric potential than by decreases in the osmotic potential. A greater interaction between the effects of the osmotic potential of the soil water and the soil matric potential occurred with shoot growth than with root growth. The 50% reduction, Y 50 , occurred at osmotic potentials of the soil water ranging from −6.8 to −8.8 bars for shoot growth and at potentials ranging from −6.8 to −8.4 bars for root growth at the soil matric potentials ranging from −0.3 to −7.5 bars, respectively. Shoot growth showed lower tolerance to the decreasing osmotic potentials at soil matric potentials less than −2.5 bars. The Y 50 values of potential were −8.6 and −5.4 bars for NaCl‐induced (osmotic) and Carbowax induced (matric) potentials, respectively. Shoot growth ceased at the leaf water potentials of −19.7and −15.3 bars at the NaCl and Carbowax‐induced potentials, respectively. Decrease in root density occurred at the soil matric potentials lower than −5.0 bars while it was reduced at all the experimental levels of osmotic potential. Root elongation rates ceased at matric potentials of −11, −12, −12, and −7 bars at osmotic potentials of 0, −4, −8, and −12 bars. respectively. Osmotic adjustment in the plant cells and possible toxic effects of Na and Cl ions or ionic imbalances on shoot growth and root elongation have been discussed.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Growth of wheat seedlings was more reduced by decreases in matric potential than by decreases in osmotic potential.
- Taxon
- wheat seedlings ( Triticum aestivum L.)
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- decreases in matric potentiale1
- Outcome
- Growthe1
- Direction
- more reducede1
- Comparator
- decreases in the osmotic potentiale1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat seedlings ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
e1“Growth was more reduced by decreases in matric potential than by decreases in the osmotic potential”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot growth showed lower tolerance to decreasing osmotic potentials at soil matric potentials below -2.5 bars.
- Taxon
- wheat seedlings ( Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- Shoot growthe2
- Qualifier
- at soil matric potentials less than −2.5 barse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat seedlings ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
e2“Shoot growth showed lower tolerance to the decreasing osmotic potentials at soil matric potentials less than −2.5 bars”
Claim · model-written summary
The 50% reduction of shoot growth occurred at osmotic potentials of the soil water of -6.8 to -8.8 bars.
- Taxon
- wheat seedlings ( Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- 50% reductione3
- Value
- −6.8 to −8.8 barse3
- Qualifier
- osmotic potentials of the soil watere3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat seedlings ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
e3“The 50% reduction, Y 50 , occurred at osmotic potentials of the soil water ranging from −6.8 to −8.8 bars for shoot growth”
Claim · model-written summary
The 50% reduction of root growth occurred at osmotic potentials of the soil water of -6.8 to -8.4 bars.
- Taxon
- wheat seedlings ( Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- 50% reductione3
- Value
- −6.8 to −8.4 barse4
- Qualifier
- root growthe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat seedlings ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
e3“The 50% reduction, Y 50 , occurred at osmotic potentials of the soil water ranging from −6.8 to −8.8 bars for shoot growth”
e4“and at potentials ranging from −6.8 to −8.4 bars for root growth”
Claim · model-written summary
The Y 50 value of osmotic potential induced by NaCl was -8.6 bars.
- Taxon
- wheat seedlings ( Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- NaCle5
- Outcome
- Y 50 values of potentiale5
- Value
- −8.6e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat seedlings ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
e5“The Y 50 values of potential were −8.6 and −5.4 bars for NaCl”
Claim · model-written summary
The Y 50 value of matric potential induced by Carbowax was -5.4 bars.
- Taxon
- wheat seedlings ( Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Carbowax induced (matric)e6
- Outcome
- Y 50 values of potentiale5
- Value
- −5.4e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat seedlings ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
e5“The Y 50 values of potential were −8.6 and −5.4 bars for NaCl”
e6“Carbowax induced (matric) potentials”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot growth ceased at a leaf water potential of -19.7 bars under NaCl-induced osmotic potential.
- Taxon
- wheat seedlings ( Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- NaCle6
- Outcome
- Shoot growth ceasede7
- Value
- −19.7e7
- Qualifier
- leaf water potentialse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat seedlings ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
e7“Shoot growth ceased at the leaf water potentials of −19.7and −15.3 bars”
e6“at the NaCl and Carbowax”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot growth ceased at a leaf water potential of -15.3 bars under Carbowax-induced matric potential.
- Taxon
- wheat seedlings ( Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Carbowaxe6
- Outcome
- Shoot growth ceasede7
- Value
- −15.3e7
- Qualifier
- leaf water potentialse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat seedlings ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
e7“Shoot growth ceased at the leaf water potentials of −19.7and −15.3 bars”
e6“at the NaCl and Carbowax”
Claim · model-written summary
Root density decreased at soil matric potentials lower than -5.0 bars.
- Taxon
- wheat seedlings ( Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- root densitye1
- Value
- −5.0 barse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat seedlings ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
e1“Decrease in root density occurred at the soil matric potentials lower than −5.0 bars”
Claim · model-written summary
Root elongation ceased at a matric potential of -11 bars at osmotic potential of 0 bars.
- Taxon
- wheat seedlings ( Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- Root elongation rates ceasede7
- Value
- −11e7
- Qualifier
- at osmotic potentials of 0e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat seedlings ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
e7“Root elongation rates ceased at matric potentials of −11, −12, −12, and −7 bars at osmotic potentials of 0, −4, −8, and −12 bars”
Claim · model-written summary
Root elongation ceased at a matric potential of -12 bars at osmotic potential of -4 bars.
- Taxon
- wheat seedlings ( Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- Root elongation rates ceasede7
- Value
- −12e7
- Qualifier
- at osmotic potentials of 0, −4e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat seedlings ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
e7“Root elongation rates ceased at matric potentials of −11, −12, −12, and −7 bars at osmotic potentials of 0, −4, −8, and −12 bars”
Claim · model-written summary
Root elongation ceased at a matric potential of -12 bars at osmotic potential of -8 bars.
- Taxon
- wheat seedlings ( Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- Root elongation rates ceasede7
- Value
- −12e7
- Qualifier
- osmotic potentials of 0, −4, −8e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat seedlings ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
e7“Root elongation rates ceased at matric potentials of −11, −12, −12, and −7 bars at osmotic potentials of 0, −4, −8, and −12 bars”
Claim · model-written summary
Root elongation ceased at a matric potential of -7 bars at osmotic potential of -12 bars.
- Taxon
- wheat seedlings ( Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- Root elongation rates ceasede7
- Value
- −7e7
- Qualifier
- and −12 barse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat seedlings ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
e7“Root elongation rates ceased at matric potentials of −11, −12, −12, and −7 bars at osmotic potentials of 0, −4, −8, and −12 bars”