Abstract
BACKGROUND: Plant WRKY DNA-binding transcription factors are involved in plant responses to biotic and abiotic responses. It has been previously shown that Arabidopsis WRKY3 and WRKY4, which encode two structurally similar WRKY transcription factors, are induced by pathogen infection and salicylic acid (SA). However, the role of the two WRKY transcription factors in plant disease resistance has not been directly analyzed. RESULTS: Both WRKY3 and WRKY4 are nuclear-localized and specifically recognize the TTGACC W-box sequences in vitro. Expression of WRKY3 and WRKY4 was induced rapidly by stress conditions generated by liquid infiltration or spraying. Stress-induced expression of WRKY4 was further elevated by pathogen infection and SA treatment. To determine directly their role in plant disease resistance, we have isolated T-DNA insertion mutants and generated transgenic overexpression lines for WRKY3 and WRKY4. Both the loss-of-function mutants and transgenic overexpression lines were examined for responses to the biotrophic bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae and the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea. The wrky3 and wrky4 single and double mutants exhibited more severe disease symptoms and support higher fungal growth than wild-type plants after Botrytis infection. Although disruption of WRKY3 and WRKY4 did not have a major effect on plant response to P. syringae, overexpression of WRKY4 greatly enhanced plant susceptibility to the bacterial pathogen and suppressed pathogen-induced PR1 gene expression. CONCLUSION: The nuclear localization and sequence-specific DNA-binding activity support that WRKY3 and WRKY4 function as transcription factors. Functional analysis based on T-DNA insertion mutants and transgenic overexpression lines indicates that WRKY3 and WRKY4 have a positive role in plant resistance to necrotrophic pathogens and WRKY4 has a negative effect on plant resistance to biotrophic pathogens.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
WRKY3 and WRKY4 are nuclear-localized and specifically recognize the TTGACC W-box sequences in vitro.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise0 - Gene
- WRKY3 and WRKY4e1
- Outcome
- nuclear-localizede1
- Qualifier
- specifically recognize the TTGACC W-box sequences in vitroe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It has been previously shown that Arabidopsis WRKY3 and WRKY4, which encode two structurally similar WRKY transcription factors, are induced by pathogen infection and salicylic acid (SA)”
e1“Both WRKY3 and WRKY4 are nuclear-localized and specifically recognize the TTGACC W-box sequences in vitro”
Claim · model-written summary
Expression of WRKY3 and WRKY4 was induced rapidly by liquid infiltration or spraying stress in Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- liquid infiltration or sprayinge2
- Gene
- WRKY3 and WRKY4e2
- Outcome
- Expression of WRKY3 and WRKY4e2
- Direction
- inducede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It has been previously shown that Arabidopsis WRKY3 and WRKY4, which encode two structurally similar WRKY transcription factors, are induced by pathogen infection and salicylic acid (SA)”
e2“Expression of WRKY3 and WRKY4 was induced rapidly by stress conditions generated by liquid infiltration or spraying”
Claim · model-written summary
Pathogen infection and SA treatment further elevated WRKY4 expression in Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- pathogen infection and SA treatmente3
- Gene
- WRKY4e3
- Outcome
- expression of WRKY4e3
- Direction
- elevatede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It has been previously shown that Arabidopsis WRKY3 and WRKY4, which encode two structurally similar WRKY transcription factors, are induced by pathogen infection and salicylic acid (SA)”
e3“Stress-induced expression of WRKY4 was further elevated by pathogen infection and SA treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
The wrky3 and wrky4 single and double mutants had more severe disease symptoms than wild-type plants after Botrytis cinerea infection.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Material
- wrky3 and wrky4 single and double mutantse4
- Treatment
- Botrytis infectione4
- Interactor
- Botrytis cinerea
Botrytis cinereae5pathogen - Outcome
- disease symptomse4
- Direction
- more severee4
- Comparator
- wild-type plantse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It has been previously shown that Arabidopsis WRKY3 and WRKY4, which encode two structurally similar WRKY transcription factors, are induced by pathogen infection and salicylic acid (SA)”
e4“The wrky3 and wrky4 single and double mutants exhibited more severe disease symptoms and support higher fungal growth than wild-type plants after Botrytis infection”
e5“responses to the biotrophic bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae and the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea”
Claim · model-written summary
The wrky3 and wrky4 single and double mutants supported higher fungal growth than wild-type plants after Botrytis cinerea infection.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Material
- wrky3 and wrky4 single and double mutantse4
- Treatment
- Botrytis infectione4
- Interactor
- Botrytis cinereaBotrytis cinereae5pathogen
- Outcome
- fungal growthe4
- Direction
- highere4
- Comparator
- wild-type plantse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It has been previously shown that Arabidopsis WRKY3 and WRKY4, which encode two structurally similar WRKY transcription factors, are induced by pathogen infection and salicylic acid (SA)”
e4“The wrky3 and wrky4 single and double mutants exhibited more severe disease symptoms and support higher fungal growth than wild-type plants after Botrytis infection”
e5“responses to the biotrophic bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae and the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea”
Claim · model-written summary
Disruption of WRKY3 and WRKY4 had no major effect on the Arabidopsis response to Pseudomonas syringae.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- disruption of WRKY3 and WRKY4e6
- Interactor
- P. syringae
Pseudomonas syringaee6pathogen - Outcome
- plant responsee6
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It has been previously shown that Arabidopsis WRKY3 and WRKY4, which encode two structurally similar WRKY transcription factors, are induced by pathogen infection and salicylic acid (SA)”
e6“Although disruption of WRKY3 and WRKY4 did not have a major effect on plant response to P. syringae, overexpression of WRKY4 greatly enhanced plant susceptibility to the bacterial pathogen and suppressed pathogen-induced PR1 gene expression”
Claim · model-written summary
Overexpression of WRKY4 greatly enhanced Arabidopsis susceptibility to Pseudomonas syringae.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- overexpression of WRKY4e6
- Interactor
- P. syringaePseudomonas syringaee6pathogen
- Outcome
- plant susceptibilitye6
- Direction
- enhancede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It has been previously shown that Arabidopsis WRKY3 and WRKY4, which encode two structurally similar WRKY transcription factors, are induced by pathogen infection and salicylic acid (SA)”
e6“Although disruption of WRKY3 and WRKY4 did not have a major effect on plant response to P. syringae, overexpression of WRKY4 greatly enhanced plant susceptibility to the bacterial pathogen and suppressed pathogen-induced PR1 gene expression”
Claim · model-written summary
Overexpression of WRKY4 suppressed pathogen-induced PR1 gene expression.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- overexpression of WRKY4e6
- Gene
- PR1e6
- Outcome
- pathogen-induced PR1 gene expressione6
- Direction
- suppressede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It has been previously shown that Arabidopsis WRKY3 and WRKY4, which encode two structurally similar WRKY transcription factors, are induced by pathogen infection and salicylic acid (SA)”
e6“Although disruption of WRKY3 and WRKY4 did not have a major effect on plant response to P. syringae, overexpression of WRKY4 greatly enhanced plant susceptibility to the bacterial pathogen and suppressed pathogen-induced PR1 gene expression”
Claim · model-written summary
WRKY3 and WRKY4 have a positive role in Arabidopsis resistance to necrotrophic pathogens.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Gene
- WRKY3 and WRKY4e7
- Outcome
- plant resistance to necrotrophic pathogense7
- Direction
- positive rolee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It has been previously shown that Arabidopsis WRKY3 and WRKY4, which encode two structurally similar WRKY transcription factors, are induced by pathogen infection and salicylic acid (SA)”
e7“Functional analysis based on T-DNA insertion mutants and transgenic overexpression lines indicates that WRKY3 and WRKY4 have a positive role in plant resistance to necrotrophic pathogens and WRKY4 has a negative effect on plant resistance to biotrophic pathogens”
Claim · model-written summary
WRKY4 has a negative effect on Arabidopsis resistance to biotrophic pathogens.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Gene
- WRKY4e7
- Outcome
- plant resistance to biotrophic pathogense7
- Direction
- negative effecte7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It has been previously shown that Arabidopsis WRKY3 and WRKY4, which encode two structurally similar WRKY transcription factors, are induced by pathogen infection and salicylic acid (SA)”
e7“Functional analysis based on T-DNA insertion mutants and transgenic overexpression lines indicates that WRKY3 and WRKY4 have a positive role in plant resistance to necrotrophic pathogens and WRKY4 has a negative effect on plant resistance to biotrophic pathogens”
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loss of function · Pseudomonas syringae · ArabidopsisPositive and negative results
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