Abstract
Abstract Inoculating plants that have inefficient antioxidant systems with plant-associated bacteria allows them to overcome heavy metal intoxication. We monitored protein oxidation, the activity of plant defense system enzymes, and the phenolics content in soybean (Glycine max L.) during a prolonged exposure to cadmium (Cd). The assistance of the bacterial consortium reduced the bioavailability of Cd in a soil containing 10 times the metal’s Standard Maximum Value (SMV). This reduced the accumulation of Cd in the soybeans’ roots and seeds. At 100 SMV, bacterial inoculation resulted in increased Cd bioavailability, which enhanced cadmium uptake by the soybean plants. At both Cd concentrations, oxidative stress was more prolonged in the soybean’s roots than its leaves. In cadmium-polluted soil, glutathion peroxidase activity changed more rapidly in the roots of plants when they had been inoculated. Inhibition of the peroxidases’ activities strengthened the activity of glutathione-S-transferase; increased the phenolics content in plant roots; and alleviated stress in inoculated soybean plants compared to untreated plants. The bacterial consortium may be recommended for a plant protection at 10 SMV Cd in the soil, and for phytostabilization at 100 SMV.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
The consortium reduced soil cadmium bioavailability at 10 SMV.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- bacterial consortiume0
- Interactor
- bacterial consortiume0symbiont
- Outcome
- bioavailability of Cd in a soile0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The assistance of the bacterial consortium reduced the bioavailability of Cd in a soil containing 10 times the metal’s Standard Maximum Value (SMV).”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced bioavailability reduced cadmium accumulation in roots and seeds.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- accumulation of Cd in the soybeans’ roots and seedse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This reduced the accumulation of Cd in the soybeans’ roots and seeds.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 100 SMV inoculation increased cadmium bioavailability.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- bacterial inoculatione0
- Outcome
- Cd bioavailabilitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- At 100 SMVe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 100 SMV, bacterial inoculation resulted in increased Cd bioavailability, which enhanced cadmium uptake by the soybean plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 100 SMV inoculation enhanced cadmium uptake.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- bacterial inoculatione0
- Outcome
- cadmium uptake by the soybean plantse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 100 SMV, bacterial inoculation resulted in increased Cd bioavailability, which enhanced cadmium uptake by the soybean plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Oxidative stress persisted longer in roots than leaves at both cadmium concentrations.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- oxidative stresse0
- Direction
- more prolongede0
- Comparator
- leavese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At both Cd concentrations, oxidative stress was more prolonged in the soybean’s roots than its leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation accelerated changes in root glutathion peroxidase activity.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- inoculatede0
- Outcome
- glutathion peroxidase activitye0
- Direction
- more rapidlye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In cadmium-polluted soil, glutathion peroxidase activity changed more rapidly in the roots of plants when they had been inoculated.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Peroxidase inhibition strengthened glutathione-S-transferase activity.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Inhibition of the peroxidases’ activitiese0
- Gene
- glutathione-S-transferasee0
- Outcome
- activity of glutathione-S-transferasee0
- Direction
- strengthenede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inhibition of the peroxidases’ activities strengthened the activity of glutathione-S-transferase; increased the phenolics content in plant roots; and alleviated stress in inoculated soybean plants compared to untreated plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Peroxidase inhibition increased root phenolics.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Inhibition of the peroxidases’ activitiese0
- Outcome
- phenolics content in plant rootse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inhibition of the peroxidases’ activities strengthened the activity of glutathione-S-transferase; increased the phenolics content in plant roots; and alleviated stress in inoculated soybean plants compared to untreated plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated soybean plants had alleviated stress relative to untreated plants.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- inoculatede0
- Outcome
- stresse0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
- Comparator
- untreated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“alleviated stress in inoculated soybean plants compared to untreated plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend consortium use for protection at 10 SMV and phytostabilization at 100 SMV.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- plant protection at 10 SMV Cd in the soil, and for phytostabilization at 100 SMVe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The bacterial consortium may be recommended for a plant protection at 10 SMV Cd in the soil, and for phytostabilization at 100 SMV.”
t0“soybean”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · nutrient: content · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 170 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
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See all 179 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.