Abstract
Abstract Root growth in subsoils of Oxisols is often precluded because the roots of many crops are sensitive to soil acidity. This increases plant stress during dry periods when available soil water in the limed surface layers is exhausted. The low soil CEC and high rainfall in Central Brazil suggest that soluble calcium salts might leach below the plow layer and reduce soil acidity. To test this possibility, soil columns, simulating field profiles, were constructed in the laboratory and various Ca salts were mixed in the 0 to 15‐cm layer. Addition of 1,200 mm water to 2,000 kg/ha Ca added as CaCl 2 , CaSO 4 , and CaCO 8 caused Ca movement to 180, 75, and 25 an, respectively. Calcium sulfate decreased Al saturation and increased soil pH at depth. Several field experiments were sampled to determine the effect of previous treatments on the movement of Ca + Mg. Three to four years after application of gypsum, in ordinary superphosphate, subsoil pH and Ca + Mg status were increased, and Al saturation decreased at depths as great as 75 to 90 cm. Zea mays L. roots growing in the improved subsoil environment were able to take up water and withstand droughts.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium moved to 180 cm after CaCl 2 and water application.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Addition of 1,200 mm water to 2,000 kg/ha Ca added as CaCl 2 , CaSO 4 , and CaCO 8 caused Ca movement to 180, 75, and 25 an, respectively”
e1“Zea mays L. roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium moved to 75 cm after CaSO 4 and water application.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Addition of 1,200 mm water to 2,000 kg/ha Ca added as CaCl 2 , CaSO 4 , and CaCO 8 caused Ca movement to 180, 75, and 25 an, respectively”
e1“Zea mays L. roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium moved to 25 an after CaCO 8 and water application.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Addition of 1,200 mm water to 2,000 kg/ha Ca added as CaCl 2 , CaSO 4 , and CaCO 8 caused Ca movement to 180, 75, and 25 an, respectively”
e1“Zea mays L. roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium sulfate decreased Al saturation at depth.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Calcium sulfate decreased Al saturation and increased soil pH at depth”
e1“Zea mays L. roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium sulfate increased soil pH at depth.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Calcium sulfate decreased Al saturation and increased soil pH at depth”
e1“Zea mays L. roots”
Claim · model-written summary
After gypsum application, subsoil pH and Ca + Mg status increased at depths of 75 to 90 cm.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three to four years after application of gypsum, in ordinary superphosphate, subsoil pH and Ca + Mg status were increased, and Al saturation decreased at depths as great as 75 to 90 cm”
e1“Zea mays L. roots”
Claim · model-written summary
After gypsum application, subsoil Al saturation decreased.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three to four years after application of gypsum, in ordinary superphosphate, subsoil pH and Ca + Mg status were increased, and Al saturation decreased at depths as great as 75 to 90 cm”
e1“Zea mays L. roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize roots in improved subsoil took up water and withstood drought.
- Outcome
- take up water and withstand droughtse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zea mays L. roots growing in the improved subsoil environment were able to take up water and withstand droughts”
The same questions in other papers
calcium sulfate · nutrient: content · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
lime · nutrient: content · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
70 papers in the same direction as this paper · 24 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
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91 papers more in this group
See all 95 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.