Abstract
Root growth, development and frost resistance were examined in winter rye ( Secale cereale L. cv. Puma) plants grown under 6 combinations of temperature and photoperiod (20/16°C or 5/3°C, day/night; 8, 16‐ or 24‐h days). Overall root system growth is influenced by the interaction of temperature and photoperiod. Maximum shoot growth occurs at a 24‐h photoperiod in 20°C plants and at a 16‐h photoperiod in 5°C plants, and is correlated in both treatments with a high root:shoot ratio. Frost resistance of rye roots is affected by short photoperiods in 2 ways. First, short photoperiod and low temperature delay production of new adventitious roots so that newly developing roots are not exposed to freezing temperatures. Second, short photoperiod alone can induce several degrees of frost tolerance in existing roots during the lag phase of growth. Low temperature alone does not decrease the rate of dry weight accumulation in rye root systems, but cold temperature does retard developmental processes within the roots. Rye roots grown at 5°C develop first order lateral roots, differentiate metaxylem vessels and suberize endodermal cell walls more slowly than roots grown at 20°C.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Root system growth was influenced by the interaction of temperature and photoperiod.
- Taxon
- winter rye
Secale cerealet0 - Treatment
- temperature and photoperiode0
- Outcome
- root system growthe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overall root system growth is influenced by the interaction of temperature and photoperiod”
t0“winter rye”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum shoot growth at 20°C occurred under a 24-h photoperiod.
- Taxon
- winter ryeSecale cerealet0
- Treatment
- 24‐h photoperiode0
- Outcome
- shoot growthe0
- Direction
- Maximume0
- Qualifier
- 20°Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum shoot growth occurs at a 24‐h photoperiod in 20°C plants”
t0“winter rye”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum shoot growth at 5°C occurred under a 16-h photoperiod.
- Taxon
- winter ryeSecale cerealet0
- Treatment
- 16‐h photoperiode0
- Outcome
- shoot growthe0
- Direction
- Maximume0
- Qualifier
- 5°Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum shoot growth occurs at a 24‐h photoperiod in 20°C plants and at a 16‐h photoperiod in 5°C plants”
t0“winter rye”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum shoot growth correlated with a high root:shoot ratio in both temperature treatments.
- Taxon
- winter ryeSecale cerealet0
- Treatment
- both treatmentse0
- Outcome
- high root:shoot ratioe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“is correlated in both treatments with a high root:shoot ratio”
t0“winter rye”
Claim · model-written summary
Short photoperiod and low temperature delayed new adventitious root production.
- Taxon
- winter ryeSecale cerealet0
- Treatment
- short photoperiod and low temperaturee0
- Outcome
- production of new adventitious rootse0
- Direction
- delaye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“short photoperiod and low temperature delay production of new adventitious roots”
t0“winter rye”
Claim · model-written summary
Short photoperiod induced frost tolerance in existing roots.
- Taxon
- winter ryeSecale cerealet0
- Treatment
- short photoperiod alonee0
- Outcome
- frost tolerance in existing rootse0
- Direction
- inducee0
- Value
- several degreese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“short photoperiod alone can induce several degrees of frost tolerance in existing roots during the lag phase of growth”
t0“winter rye”
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature alone did not decrease root dry-weight accumulation.
- Taxon
- ryeSecale cerealee0
- Treatment
- Low temperature alonee0
- Outcome
- rate of dry weight accumulation in rye root systemse0
- Direction
- does not decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low temperature alone does not decrease the rate of dry weight accumulation in rye root systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold temperature retarded developmental processes within roots.
- Taxon
- winter ryeSecale cerealet0
- Treatment
- cold temperaturee0
- Outcome
- developmental processes within the rootse0
- Direction
- retarde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cold temperature does retard developmental processes within the roots”
t0“winter rye”
Claim · model-written summary
At 5°C, first-order lateral roots developed more slowly than at 20°C.
- Taxon
- RyeSecale cerealee0
- Treatment
- 5°Ce0
- Outcome
- develop first order lateral rootse0
- Direction
- more slowlye0
- Comparator
- 20°Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rye roots grown at 5°C develop first order lateral roots, differentiate metaxylem vessels and suberize endodermal cell walls more slowly than roots grown at 20°C”
Claim · model-written summary
At 5°C, metaxylem differentiation was slower than at 20°C.
- Taxon
- RyeSecale cerealee0
- Treatment
- 5°Ce0
- Outcome
- differentiate metaxylem vesselse0
- Direction
- more slowlye0
- Comparator
- 20°Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rye roots grown at 5°C develop first order lateral roots, differentiate metaxylem vessels and suberize endodermal cell walls more slowly than roots grown at 20°C”
Claim · model-written summary
At 5°C, endodermal wall suberization was slower than at 20°C.
- Taxon
- RyeSecale cerealee0
- Treatment
- 5°Ce0
- Outcome
- suberize endodermal cell wallse0
- Direction
- more slowlye0
- Comparator
- 20°Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rye roots grown at 5°C develop first order lateral roots, differentiate metaxylem vessels and suberize endodermal cell walls more slowly than roots grown at 20°C”