Abstract
SUMMARY The effects of recommended application rates of the herbicide methabenzthiazuron (MBT) (2·5 and 4 kg ha -1 ) on vegetative growth, nodulation and N 2 fixation in faba bean plants were studied in the field at Barcelona during 1990 and 1991. Nodulation, specific nitrogenase activity (SNA) of excised nodules, dry weight of plants and seed nitrogen content at harvest were compared in MBT-treated, hand-weeded (HW) and control plants. In 1990 the higher MBT application (4 kg ha -1 ) caused a decrease in nodulation and acetylene reduction activity (ARA) per plant during the mid-period of pod-fill, and also in vegetative growth, seed production and N content of seeds, whereas the lower rate (2·5 kg ha -1 ) did not have a significant effect on any of these factors. However, in 1991, growth and herbicide effects were different from those in the previous year. No inhibitory effect of MBT on nodulation, SNA or ARA per plant was observed and vegetative growth, seed production and N content of seeds were not significantly different from those of plants from HW plots. In 1991, both 4 kg ha -1 of MBT and the HW treatment caused a stimulatory effect on seed N recovery and yield compared to control plants. Rates of ARA per plant at late pod-fill were positively related to N recovery by seeds. These differences could have been due to the low rainfall in 1990, which may have permitted MBT to remain in the soil for a longer period and to inhibit N fixation and plant growth in the Vicia faba crop.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
In 1990, the higher MBT rate (4 kg/ha) decreased nodulation and acetylene reduction activity per plant at mid pod-fill compared with control plants.
- Taxon
- faba bean
Vicia fabae1 - Organ / stage
- mid-period of pod-fille2
- Treatment
- higher MBT application (4 kg ha -1 )e2
- Outcome
- nodulation and acetylene reduction activity (ARA) per plante2
- Direction
- decreasee2
- Qualifier
- In 1990e2
- Comparator
- control plantse3
- Setting
- field at Barcelonae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in faba bean plants were studied in the field at Barcelona during 1990 and 1991”
e2“In 1990 the higher MBT application (4 kg ha -1 ) caused a decrease in nodulation and acetylene reduction activity (ARA) per plant during the mid-period of pod-fill, and also in vegetative growth, seed production and N content of seeds, whereas the lower rate (2·5 kg ha -1 ) did not have a significant effect on any of these factors”
e3“were compared in MBT-treated, hand-weeded (HW) and control plants”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1990, the higher MBT rate (4 kg/ha) decreased vegetative growth, seed production and seed N content compared with control plants.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae1
- Treatment
- higher MBT application (4 kg ha -1 )e2
- Outcome
- vegetative growth, seed production and N content of seedse2
- Direction
- decreasee2
- Qualifier
- In 1990e2
- Comparator
- control plantse3
- Setting
- field at Barcelonae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in faba bean plants were studied in the field at Barcelona during 1990 and 1991”
e2“In 1990 the higher MBT application (4 kg ha -1 ) caused a decrease in nodulation and acetylene reduction activity (ARA) per plant during the mid-period of pod-fill, and also in vegetative growth, seed production and N content of seeds, whereas the lower rate (2·5 kg ha -1 ) did not have a significant effect on any of these factors”
e3“were compared in MBT-treated, hand-weeded (HW) and control plants”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1990, the lower MBT rate (2.5 kg/ha) had no significant effect on any of the measured factors.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae1
- Treatment
- lower rate (2·5 kg ha -1 )e2
- Outcome
- any of these factorse2
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede2
- Qualifier
- In 1990e2
- Comparator
- control plantse3
- Setting
- field at Barcelonae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in faba bean plants were studied in the field at Barcelona during 1990 and 1991”
e2“In 1990 the higher MBT application (4 kg ha -1 ) caused a decrease in nodulation and acetylene reduction activity (ARA) per plant during the mid-period of pod-fill, and also in vegetative growth, seed production and N content of seeds, whereas the lower rate (2·5 kg ha -1 ) did not have a significant effect on any of these factors”
e3“were compared in MBT-treated, hand-weeded (HW) and control plants”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1991, MBT had no inhibitory effect on nodulation, specific nitrogenase activity or ARA per plant compared with hand-weeded plots.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae1
- Treatment
- MBTe4
- Outcome
- nodulation, SNA or ARA per plante4
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede4
- Comparator
- HW plotse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in faba bean plants were studied in the field at Barcelona during 1990 and 1991”
e4“No inhibitory effect of MBT on nodulation, SNA or ARA per plant was observed and vegetative growth, seed production and N content of seeds were not significantly different from those of plants from HW plots”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1991, MBT had no significant effect on vegetative growth, seed production or seed N content compared with hand-weeded plots.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae1
- Treatment
- MBTe4
- Outcome
- vegetative growth, seed production and N content of seedse4
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede4
- Comparator
- HW plotse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in faba bean plants were studied in the field at Barcelona during 1990 and 1991”
e4“No inhibitory effect of MBT on nodulation, SNA or ARA per plant was observed and vegetative growth, seed production and N content of seeds were not significantly different from those of plants from HW plots”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1991, the 4 kg/ha MBT rate stimulated seed N recovery and yield compared with control plants.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae1
- Treatment
- 4 kg ha -1 of MBTe5
- Outcome
- seed N recovery and yielde5
- Direction
- stimulatorye5
- Qualifier
- In 1991e5
- Comparator
- control plantse5
- Setting
- field at Barcelonae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in faba bean plants were studied in the field at Barcelona during 1990 and 1991”
e5“In 1991, both 4 kg ha -1 of MBT and the HW treatment caused a stimulatory effect on seed N recovery and yield compared to control plants”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1991, hand weeding stimulated seed N recovery and yield compared with control plants.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae1
- Treatment
- the HW treatmente5
- Outcome
- seed N recovery and yielde5
- Direction
- stimulatorye5
- Qualifier
- In 1991e5
- Comparator
- control plantse5
- Setting
- field at Barcelonae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in faba bean plants were studied in the field at Barcelona during 1990 and 1991”
e5“In 1991, both 4 kg ha -1 of MBT and the HW treatment caused a stimulatory effect on seed N recovery and yield compared to control plants”
Claim · model-written summary
ARA per plant at late pod-fill was positively related to N recovery by seeds.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae1
- Organ / stage
- late pod-fille6
- Outcome
- N recovery by seedse6
- Direction
- positively relatede6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in faba bean plants were studied in the field at Barcelona during 1990 and 1991”
e6“Rates of ARA per plant at late pod-fill were positively related to N recovery by seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower N fixation and plant growth in the 1990 faba bean crop may have been due to MBT persisting in soil after low rainfall.
- Taxon
- Vicia fabaVicia fabae7
- Treatment
- MBTe7
- Outcome
- N fixation and plant growthe7
- Qualifier
- low rainfall in 1990e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“These differences could have been due to the low rainfall in 1990, which may have permitted MBT to remain in the soil for a longer period and to inhibit N fixation and plant growth in the Vicia faba crop”