Abstract
AIMS: This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that the bacterial strains possessing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC)-deaminase activity may also promote growth of inoculated plants and could increase nodulation in legumes upon co-inoculation with rhizobia. METHODS AND RESULTS: Several rhizobacteria were isolated from maize rhizosphere through enrichment on ACC as a sole N source. Purified isolates were screened for growth promotion in maize under axenic conditions and for in vitro ACC-deaminase activity. A significant positive correlation was observed between in vitro ACC-deaminase activity of bacterial cells and root elongation. None of the isolates produced auxins. Bradyrhizobium japonicum produced less amount of auxins but did not carry ACC-deaminase activity. Results of pot experiment revealed that co-inoculation with Bradyrhizobium and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) isolates enhanced the nodulation in mung bean compared with inoculation with Bradyrhizobium alone. CONCLUSIONS: It is highly expected that inoculation with rhizobacteria containing ACC-deaminase hydrolysed endogenous ACC into ammonia and alpha-ketobutyrate instead of ethylene. Consequently, root and shoot growth as well as nodulation were promoted. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The ACC-deaminase trait could be employed as an efficient tool to screen effective PGPR, which could be successfully used as biofertilizers to increase the growth of inoculated plants as well as nodulation in legumes.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
In vitro ACC-deaminase activity of rhizobacterial cells was positively correlated with maize root elongation.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize (Zea mays L.) growth”
e1“A significant positive correlation was observed between in vitro ACC-deaminase activity of bacterial cells and root elongation”
Claim · model-written summary
None of the rhizobacterial isolates from maize rhizosphere produced auxins.
- Interactor
- rhizobacteriaHyphomicrobialese3symbiont
- Outcome
- produced auxinse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize (Zea mays L.) growth”
e2“None of the isolates produced auxins”
e3“Several rhizobacteria were isolated from maize rhizosphere”
Claim · model-written summary
Bradyrhizobium japonicum produced less auxin than the rhizobacterial isolates and had no ACC-deaminase activity.
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobium japonicum
Bradyrhizobium japonicume4symbiont - Outcome
- auxinse4
- Qualifier
- did not carry ACC-deaminase activitye4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize (Zea mays L.) growth”
e4“Bradyrhizobium japonicum produced less amount of auxins but did not carry ACC-deaminase activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-inoculation of Bradyrhizobium with PGPR isolates enhanced mung bean nodulation compared with Bradyrhizobium alone.
- Taxon
- mung bean
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Vigna radiatat1 - Treatment
- co-inoculation with Bradyrhizobium and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) isolatese5
- Interactor
- BradyrhizobiumBradyrhizobiume5symbiont
- Second interactor
- plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR)e5symbiont
- Outcome
- nodulatione5
- Direction
- enhancede5
- Comparator
- inoculation with Bradyrhizobium alonee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t1“nodulation in mung bean”
e5“co-inoculation with Bradyrhizobium and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) isolates enhanced the nodulation in mung bean compared with inoculation with Bradyrhizobium alone”
Claim · model-written summary
ACC-deaminase rhizobacteria are expected to promote root and shoot growth and nodulation by lowering ethylene.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize (Zea mays L.) growth”
e6“Consequently, root and shoot growth as well as nodulation were promoted”
e7“It is highly expected that inoculation with rhizobacteria containing ACC-deaminase hydrolysed endogenous ACC into ammonia and alpha-ketobutyrate instead of ethylene”
Claim · model-written summary
The ACC-deaminase trait could be used as an efficient tool to screen effective PGPR.
- Outcome
- efficient tool to screen effective PGPRe6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize (Zea mays L.) growth”
e6“The ACC-deaminase trait could be employed as an efficient tool to screen effective PGPR”
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