Abstract
Pea (Pisum arvense L.) is an important legume in many areas of the world, which is used for forage and grain production and could be used in intercropping systems. Intercropping of pea with oat (Avena sativa L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), in two seeding ratios 60 : 40 and 80 : 20, was compared with pea and two cereal monocrops for two growing seasons (2008–10), at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece. The effect of the intercropping systems was determined on growth rate, plant height, chlorophyll content, DM, and N yield. Also, several competition and economic indices were used to evaluate the intercropping systems, such as land equivalent ratio (LER), relative crowding coefficient (K), aggressivity (A), competitive ratio (CR), actual yield loss (AYL), system productivity index (SPI), monetary advantage index (MAI), and intercropping advantage (IA). Growth rate of pea and cereals was lower by an average of 39 and 64%, respectively, in the intercrops than in the monocrops. DM yield was the highest in barley monocrop (13.00 Mg ha–1) followed by P80O20 intercrop (11.73 Mg ha–1). Pea monocrop, and P80O20 and P80B20 intercrops showed the highest crude protein (CP) concentration (137, 132 and 130 g kg–1 DM, respectively), whereas P80O20 intercrop also produced the highest CP yield (1552 kg ha–1). The LER, K, and AYL values (average 1.09, 1.75 and 0.29, respectively), were greater for both pea-oat intercrops compared with the pea-barley intercrops (average 0.98, 0.92 and 0.06, respectively), indicating that in these systems there was an advantage of intercropping for exploiting the resources of the environment. The A, CR, and partial AYL values in all intercrops were greater for oat and barley than pea, which indicated that cereals were more competitive partners than pea. The highest MAI, IA, and SPI values were recorded for P80O20 followed by P60O40 intercrops indicating that these intercropping systems were the most profitable. The results from this study showed that both pea-oat intercrops were more productive with high CP yield, and also they showed the best land-use efficiency.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Pea growth rate was 39% lower in intercrops than monocrops.
- Taxon
- pea
Lathyrus oleraceuse0 - Treatment
- intercropse0
- Outcome
- Growth rate of peae0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 39e0
- Comparator
- monocropse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Growth rate of pea and cereals was lower by an average of 39 and 64%, respectively, in the intercrops than in the monocrops”
Claim · model-written summary
Cereal growth rate was 64% lower in intercrops than monocrops.
Verbatim
e0“Growth rate of pea and cereals was lower by an average of 39 and 64%, respectively, in the intercrops than in the monocrops”
Claim · model-written summary
Barley monocrop had the highest dry matter yield at 13.00 Mg ha–1.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree0 - Material
- barley monocrope0
- Outcome
- DM yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 13.00 Mg ha–1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“DM yield was the highest in barley monocrop (13.00 Mg ha–1)”
Claim · model-written summary
P80O20 intercrop followed barley monocrop for dry matter yield at 11.73 Mg ha–1.
- Taxon
- PeaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Material
- P80O20 intercrope0
- Outcome
- DM yielde0
- Value
- 11.73 Mg ha–1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“DM yield was the highest in barley monocrop (13.00 Mg ha–1) followed by P80O20 intercrop (11.73 Mg ha–1)”
t0“pea–oat and pea–barley intercrops”
Claim · model-written summary
Pea monocrop had 137 g kg–1 DM crude protein concentration.
- Taxon
- PeaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Material
- Pea monocrope0
- Outcome
- crude protein (CP) concentratione0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 137e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pea monocrop, and P80O20 and P80B20 intercrops showed the highest crude protein (CP) concentration (137, 132 and 130 g kg–1 DM, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
P80O20 intercrop had 132 g kg–1 DM crude protein concentration.
- Taxon
- PeaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Material
- P80O20e0
- Outcome
- crude protein (CP) concentratione0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 132e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pea monocrop, and P80O20 and P80B20 intercrops showed the highest crude protein (CP) concentration (137, 132 and 130 g kg–1 DM, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
P80B20 intercrop had 130 g kg–1 DM crude protein concentration.
- Taxon
- PeaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Material
- P80B20e0
- Outcome
- crude protein (CP) concentratione0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 130 g kg–1 DMe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pea monocrop, and P80O20 and P80B20 intercrops showed the highest crude protein (CP) concentration (137, 132 and 130 g kg–1 DM, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
P80O20 had the highest crude protein yield at 1552 kg ha–1.
- Taxon
- PeaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Material
- P80O20 intercrope0
- Outcome
- CP yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 1552 kg ha–1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P80O20 intercrop also produced the highest CP yield (1552 kg ha–1)”
t0“pea–oat and pea–barley intercrops”
Claim · model-written summary
Pea-oat intercrops had higher land equivalent ratio than pea-barley intercrops, averaging 1.09 versus 0.98.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Material
- pea-oat intercropse0
- Outcome
- LERe0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 1.09e0
- Qualifier
- 0.98e0
- Comparator
- pea-barley intercropse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The LER, K, and AYL values (average 1.09, 1.75 and 0.29, respectively), were greater for both pea-oat intercrops compared with the pea-barley intercrops (average 0.98, 0.92 and 0.06, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pea-oat intercrops had higher relative crowding coefficient than pea-barley intercrops, averaging 1.75 versus 0.92.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Material
- pea-oat intercropse0
- Outcome
- Ke0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 1.75e0
- Qualifier
- 0.92e0
- Comparator
- pea-barley intercropse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The LER, K, and AYL values (average 1.09, 1.75 and 0.29, respectively), were greater for both pea-oat intercrops compared with the pea-barley intercrops (average 0.98, 0.92 and 0.06, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pea-oat intercrops had higher actual yield loss index than pea-barley intercrops, averaging 0.29 versus 0.06.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Material
- pea-oat intercropse0
- Outcome
- AYLe0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 0.29e0
- Qualifier
- 0.06e0
- Comparator
- pea-barley intercropse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The LER, K, and AYL values (average 1.09, 1.75 and 0.29, respectively), were greater for both pea-oat intercrops compared with the pea-barley intercrops (average 0.98, 0.92 and 0.06, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Oat was more competitive than pea in intercrops by aggressivity, competitive ratio and partial AYL.
- Taxon
- oat
Avena sativae0 - Interactor
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0other
- Outcome
- A, CR, and partial AYL valuese0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- peae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The A, CR, and partial AYL values in all intercrops were greater for oat and barley than pea, which indicated that cereals were more competitive partners than pea”
Claim · model-written summary
Barley was more competitive than pea in intercrops by aggressivity, competitive ratio and partial AYL.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Interactor
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0other
- Outcome
- A, CR, and partial AYL valuese0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- peae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The A, CR, and partial AYL values in all intercrops were greater for oat and barley than pea, which indicated that cereals were more competitive partners than pea”
Claim · model-written summary
P80O20 ranked highest for monetary advantage, intercropping advantage and system productivity.
- Taxon
- PeaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Material
- P80O20e0
- Outcome
- MAI, IA, and SPI valuese0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest MAI, IA, and SPI values were recorded for P80O20”
t0“pea–oat and pea–barley intercrops”
Claim · model-written summary
P60O40 ranked second for monetary advantage, intercropping advantage and system productivity.
- Taxon
- PeaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Material
- P60O40 intercropse0
- Outcome
- MAI, IA, and SPI valuese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest MAI, IA, and SPI values were recorded for P80O20 followed by P60O40 intercrops”
t0“pea–oat and pea–barley intercrops”
Claim · model-written summary
Both pea-oat intercrops were the most productive, with high protein yield and the best land-use efficiency.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Material
- pea-oat intercropse0
- Outcome
- land-use efficiencye0
- Direction
- beste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both pea-oat intercrops were more productive with high CP yield, and also they showed the best land-use efficiency”
The same questions in other papers
intercropping · growth · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 15 in the opposite direction
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See all 19 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.