Abstract
Grain amaranth (Amaranthus spp.) is a widely adaptable C4 pseudo-cereal crop that has interesting nutritional characteristics including high protein and calcium concentrations and a lack of gluten. To date, no antinutrient has been found at problematic levels in grain amaranth; however, oxalate has not been thoroughly studied. Dietary oxalate is a potential risk factor for kidney stone development, and its presence in food lowers calcium and magnesium availability. Oxalate concentration and forms and calcium and magnesium concentrations were determined in 30 field-grown grain amaranth genotypes from the species A. cruentus, A. hybrid, and A. hypochondriacus. The effects of seeding date and fertilization with calcium ammonium nitrate were evaluated in field experiments conducted in multiple environments; the effects of cooking were also evaluated. Mean total oxalate concentration in the 30 genotypes analyzed was 229 mg/100 g, with values ranging between 178 and 278 mg/100 g, the greatest proportion being insoluble (average of 80%). Calcium concentration averaged 186 mg/100 g and ranged between 134 and 370 mg/100 g, whereas magnesium averaged 280 mg/100 g and ranged between 230 and 387 mg/100 g. Fertilization only marginally increased total oxalate concentration and had no effects on other variables. Seeding date had no effects on any of the variables studied. Boiling increased the proportion of soluble oxalate but did not affect total oxalate concentration. Grain amaranth can be considered a high oxalate source, however, as most is in insoluble form, and due to its high calcium and magnesium concentrations, oxalate absorbability could be low. This should be confirmed by bioavailability studies.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Mean total oxalate concentration across 30 grain amaranth genotypes was 229 mg/100 g, with values ranging from 178 to 278 mg/100 g.
- Taxon
- Amaranthus spp.
_with_green_foliage%2C_photographed_in_Tamil_Nadu%2C_India.jpg?width=60)
Amaranthuse0 - Material
- grain amaranth genotypese1
- Outcome
- Mean total oxalate concentratione2
- Value
- 229 mg/100 ge2
- Qualifier
- with values ranging between 178 and 278 mg/100 ge2
- Setting
- field-growne1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_with_green_foliage%2C_photographed_in_Tamil_Nadu%2C_India.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Grain amaranth (Amaranthus spp.) is a widely adaptable C4 pseudo-cereal crop”
e1“30 field-grown grain amaranth genotypes from the species A. cruentus”
e2“Mean total oxalate concentration in the 30 genotypes analyzed was 229 mg/100 g, with values ranging between 178 and 278 mg/100 g”
Claim · model-written summary
Most of the total oxalate in grain amaranth was insoluble, averaging 80%.
- Taxon
- Amaranthus spp.Amaranthuse0
- Outcome
- proportion being insolublee3
- Value
- 80%e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain amaranth (Amaranthus spp.) is a widely adaptable C4 pseudo-cereal crop”
e3“the greatest proportion being insoluble (average of 80%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium concentration in grain amaranth averaged 186 mg/100 g, ranging from 134 to 370 mg/100 g.
- Taxon
- Amaranthus spp.Amaranthuse0
- Outcome
- Calcium concentratione4
- Value
- 186 mg/100 ge4
- Qualifier
- ranged between 134 and 370 mg/100 ge4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain amaranth (Amaranthus spp.) is a widely adaptable C4 pseudo-cereal crop”
e4“Calcium concentration averaged 186 mg/100 g and ranged between 134 and 370 mg/100 g”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnesium in grain amaranth averaged 280 mg/100 g, ranging from 230 to 387 mg/100 g.
- Taxon
- Amaranthus spp.Amaranthuse0
- Outcome
- magnesiume5
- Value
- 280 mg/100 ge5
- Qualifier
- ranged between 230 and 387 mg/100 ge5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain amaranth (Amaranthus spp.) is a widely adaptable C4 pseudo-cereal crop”
e5“magnesium averaged 280 mg/100 g and ranged between 230 and 387 mg/100 g”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilization with calcium ammonium nitrate only marginally increased total oxalate concentration in grain amaranth in field experiments.
- Taxon
- Amaranthus spp.Amaranthuse0
- Treatment
- fertilization with calcium ammonium nitratee7
- Outcome
- total oxalate concentratione6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Qualifier
- only marginallye6
- Setting
- field experiments conducted in multiple environmentse7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain amaranth (Amaranthus spp.) is a widely adaptable C4 pseudo-cereal crop”
e6“Fertilization only marginally increased total oxalate concentration and had no effects on other variables”
e7“The effects of seeding date and fertilization with calcium ammonium nitrate were evaluated in field experiments conducted in multiple environments”
Claim · model-written summary
Seeding date had no effect on any of the variables studied in grain amaranth.
- Taxon
- Amaranthus spp.Amaranthuse0
- Treatment
- Seeding datee7
- Outcome
- any of the variables studiede7
- Direction
- no effectse7
- Setting
- field experiments conducted in multiple environmentse6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain amaranth (Amaranthus spp.) is a widely adaptable C4 pseudo-cereal crop”
e7“Seeding date had no effects on any of the variables studied”
e6“The effects of seeding date and fertilization with calcium ammonium nitrate were evaluated in field experiments conducted in multiple environments”
Claim · model-written summary
Boiling increased the proportion of soluble oxalate in grain amaranth.
- Taxon
- Amaranthus spp.Amaranthuse0
- Treatment
- Boilinge1
- Outcome
- proportion of soluble oxalatee1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain amaranth (Amaranthus spp.) is a widely adaptable C4 pseudo-cereal crop”
e1“Boiling increased the proportion of soluble oxalate but did not affect total oxalate concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Boiling did not affect total oxalate concentration in grain amaranth.
- Taxon
- Amaranthus spp.Amaranthuse0
- Treatment
- Boilinge1
- Outcome
- total oxalate concentratione1
- Direction
- did not affecte1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain amaranth (Amaranthus spp.) is a widely adaptable C4 pseudo-cereal crop”
e1“Boiling increased the proportion of soluble oxalate but did not affect total oxalate concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain amaranth can be considered a high oxalate source, as most oxalate is insoluble.
- Taxon
- Grain amaranth
Amaranthus hypochondriacuse1 - Outcome
- high oxalate sourcee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Grain amaranth can be considered a high oxalate source, however, as most is in insoluble form, and due to its high calcium and magnesium concentrations, oxalate absorbability could be low”
Claim · model-written summary
Oxalate absorbability in grain amaranth could be low, which should be confirmed by bioavailability studies.
- Taxon
- Grain amaranthAmaranthus hypochondriacuse1
- Outcome
- oxalate absorbabilitye1
- Qualifier
- This should be confirmed by bioavailability studiese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Grain amaranth can be considered a high oxalate source, however, as most is in insoluble form, and due to its high calcium and magnesium concentrations, oxalate absorbability could be low”
e2“This should be confirmed by bioavailability studies”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · molecular: metabolites · AmaranthusPositive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.