Abstract
Abstract In the 1989/90 season 6‐year‐old Lincoln‐canopy trained ‘Nijisseiki’ and ‘Hosui’ Asian pear ( Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) trees were part‐tree sprayed with 400 ppm ethephon ((2‐chloroethyl)phosphonic acid), applied 15 days after full bloom (DAFB) or hand thinned (leaving one fruitlet at each fruiting site 56 DAFB) in a split‐plot design with ethephon applied to main plots and hand thinning to subplots. Ethephon reduced fruit set of ‘Nijisseiki’ and ‘Hosui’ by 37 and 15%, respectively, removing on average one ‘Nijisseiki’ fruitlet per cluster. Independently of hand thinning, ethephon reduced mean fruit weight of ‘Hosui’ at harvest by 34 g (21%), but ‘Nijisseiki’ was unaffected. Hand thinning increased fruit weight of ‘Nijisseiki’ and ‘Hosui’ at harvest by 19 g each (25 and 13%, respectively), only in the absence of ethephon application. Ethephon and hand thinning each increased return bloom of ‘Nijisseiki’ whereas only hand thinning increased return bloom of ‘Hosui’. In the same season, a whole‐tree spray of ethephon (400 ppm applied 15 DAFB) increased fruit set of ‘Doyenne du Cornice’ European pears ( Pyrus communis L.) by 51%. In the 1990/91 season, ethephon applied at 400 ppm 15 DAFB reduced fruit set and fruit weight at harvest, and increased the incidence and severity of flesh spot decay of ‘Nijisseiki’ fruit, when assessed after 12 weeks of storage at 2°C. Ethephon also increased return bloom. In contrast naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) (7.5 ppm, 15 DAFB) had no effect on fruit set or fruit weight, but reduced flesh firmness at harvest by 1.96 N (6%). In a second experiment in 1990/91 ethephon was foliage applied to Lincoln‐canopy trained ‘Nijisseiki’ trees 15 DAFB at 0, 200, 400, 600, or 800 ppm a.i. Fruit set was significantly reduced in proportion to the ethephon concentration with 800 ppm reducing fruit set by 62% compared to the nil treatment. Increasing ethephon concentrations significantly decreased mean fruit weight and flesh firmness at harvest, and significantly increased fruit soluble solids concentration and seed number. The incidence and severity of the fruit disorder, flesh spot decay, increased significantly in proportion to the concentration of ethephon when assessed after 12 weeks of storage at 2°C. Ethephon at both 600 and 800 ppm increased the area of individual spur leaves whereas neither shoot leaf nor spur leaf number were affected. Specific leaf weight (mg/ cm 2 ) was increased irrespective of ethephon concentration. Ethephon significantly increased return bloom the year after treatment by an average of 52%.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon reduced Nijisseiki fruit set by 37%.
- Taxon
- Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai
_Pyrus_pyrifolia_flowers.jpg?width=60)
Pyrus pyrifoliat0 - Material
- ‘Nijisseiki’e0
- Treatment
- Ethephone0
- Outcome
- fruit sete0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 37e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Pyrus_pyrifolia_flowers.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Ethephon reduced fruit set of ‘Nijisseiki’ and ‘Hosui’ by 37 and 15%, respectively”
t0“Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon reduced Hosui fruit set by 15%.
- Taxon
- Pyrus pyrifolia NakaiPyrus pyrifoliat0
- Material
- ‘Hosui’e0
- Treatment
- Ethephone0
- Outcome
- fruit sete0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 15%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ethephon reduced fruit set of ‘Nijisseiki’ and ‘Hosui’ by 37 and 15%, respectively”
t0“Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon reduced Hosui fruit weight at harvest by 34 g (21%).
- Taxon
- Pyrus pyrifolia NakaiPyrus pyrifoliat0
- Material
- ‘Hosui’e0
- Treatment
- ethephone0
- Outcome
- mean fruit weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 34 g (21%)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ethephon reduced mean fruit weight of ‘Hosui’ at harvest by 34 g (21%)”
t0“Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai”
Claim · model-written summary
Nijisseiki fruit weight was unaffected by ethephon.
- Taxon
- Pyrus pyrifolia NakaiPyrus pyrifoliat0
- Material
- ‘Nijisseiki’e0
- Treatment
- ethephone1
- Outcome
- ‘Nijisseiki’ was unaffectede0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but ‘Nijisseiki’ was unaffected”
t0“Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai”
e1“ethephon reduced mean fruit weight of ‘Hosui’ at harvest by 34 g (21%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Hand thinning increased Nijisseiki fruit weight by 19 g in the absence of ethephon.
- Taxon
- Pyrus pyrifolia NakaiPyrus pyrifoliat0
- Material
- ‘Nijisseiki’e0
- Treatment
- Hand thinninge0
- Outcome
- fruit weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 19 ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hand thinning increased fruit weight of ‘Nijisseiki’ and ‘Hosui’ at harvest by 19 g each (25 and 13%, respectively), only in the absence of ethephon application”
t0“Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai”
Claim · model-written summary
Hand thinning increased Hosui fruit weight by 19 g in the absence of ethephon.
- Taxon
- Pyrus pyrifolia NakaiPyrus pyrifoliat0
- Material
- ‘Hosui’e0
- Treatment
- Hand thinninge0
- Outcome
- fruit weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 19 ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hand thinning increased fruit weight of ‘Nijisseiki’ and ‘Hosui’ at harvest by 19 g each (25 and 13%, respectively), only in the absence of ethephon application”
t0“Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon increased Nijisseiki return bloom.
- Taxon
- Pyrus pyrifolia NakaiPyrus pyrifoliat0
- Material
- ‘Nijisseiki’e0
- Treatment
- Ethephone0
- Outcome
- return bloome0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ethephon and hand thinning each increased return bloom of ‘Nijisseiki’”
t0“Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai”
Claim · model-written summary
Hand thinning increased Nijisseiki return bloom.
- Taxon
- Pyrus pyrifolia NakaiPyrus pyrifoliat0
- Material
- ‘Nijisseiki’e0
- Treatment
- hand thinninge0
- Outcome
- return bloome0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ethephon and hand thinning each increased return bloom of ‘Nijisseiki’”
t0“Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai”
Claim · model-written summary
Hand thinning increased Hosui return bloom.
- Taxon
- Pyrus pyrifolia NakaiPyrus pyrifoliat0
- Material
- ‘Hosui’e0
- Treatment
- hand thinninge0
- Outcome
- return bloome0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“only hand thinning increased return bloom of ‘Hosui’”
t0“Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon increased Doyenne du Cornice European pear fruit set by 51%.
- Taxon
- Pyrus communis L.
_Poirier_Fleurs_et_feuilles.jpg?width=60)
Pyrus communise0 - Material
- ‘Doyenne du Cornice’e0
- Treatment
- ethephon (400 ppm applied 15 DAFB)e0
- Outcome
- fruit sete0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 51%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Poirier_Fleurs_et_feuilles.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“a whole‐tree spray of ethephon (400 ppm applied 15 DAFB) increased fruit set of ‘Doyenne du Cornice’ European pears ( Pyrus communis L.) by 51%”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon reduced Nijisseiki fruit set in 1990/91.
- Taxon
- Pyrus pyrifolia NakaiPyrus pyrifoliat0
- Material
- ‘Nijisseiki’e0
- Treatment
- ethephon applied at 400 ppm 15 DAFBe0
- Outcome
- fruit sete0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ethephon applied at 400 ppm 15 DAFB reduced fruit set and fruit weight at harvest, and increased the incidence and severity of flesh spot decay of ‘Nijisseiki’ fruit”
t0“Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon reduced Nijisseiki fruit weight at harvest in 1990/91.
- Taxon
- Pyrus pyrifolia NakaiPyrus pyrifoliat0
- Material
- ‘Nijisseiki’e0
- Treatment
- ethephon applied at 400 ppm 15 DAFBe0
- Outcome
- fruit weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ethephon applied at 400 ppm 15 DAFB reduced fruit set and fruit weight at harvest, and increased the incidence and severity of flesh spot decay of ‘Nijisseiki’ fruit”
t0“Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon increased incidence and severity of Nijisseiki flesh spot decay after storage.
- Taxon
- Pyrus pyrifolia NakaiPyrus pyrifoliat0
- Material
- ‘Nijisseiki’e0
- Treatment
- ethephon applied at 400 ppm 15 DAFBe0
- Outcome
- incidence and severity of flesh spot decaye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ethephon applied at 400 ppm 15 DAFB reduced fruit set and fruit weight at harvest, and increased the incidence and severity of flesh spot decay of ‘Nijisseiki’ fruit, when assessed after 12 weeks of storage at 2°C”
t0“Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon increased Nijisseiki return bloom.
- Taxon
- Pyrus pyrifolia NakaiPyrus pyrifoliat0
- Material
- ‘Nijisseiki’e1
- Treatment
- Ethephone0
- Outcome
- return bloome0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ethephon also increased return bloom.”
t0“Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai”
e1“flesh spot decay of ‘Nijisseiki’ fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
NAA had no effect on Nijisseiki fruit set or weight.
- Taxon
- Pyrus pyrifolia NakaiPyrus pyrifoliat0
- Material
- ‘Nijisseiki’e1
- Treatment
- naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) (7.5 ppm, 15 DAFB)e0
- Outcome
- fruit set or fruit weighte0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) (7.5 ppm, 15 DAFB) had no effect on fruit set or fruit weight”
t0“Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai”
e1“flesh spot decay of ‘Nijisseiki’ fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
NAA reduced Nijisseiki flesh firmness by 1.96 N (6%).
- Taxon
- Pyrus pyrifolia NakaiPyrus pyrifoliat0
- Material
- ‘Nijisseiki’e1
- Treatment
- naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) (7.5 ppm, 15 DAFB)e0
- Outcome
- flesh firmnesse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 1.96 N (6%)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) (7.5 ppm, 15 DAFB) had no effect on fruit set or fruit weight, but reduced flesh firmness at harvest by 1.96 N (6%)”
t0“Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai”
e1“flesh spot decay of ‘Nijisseiki’ fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing ethephon concentration significantly reduced fruit set, reaching a 62% reduction at 800 ppm.
- Taxon
- Pyrus pyrifolia NakaiPyrus pyrifoliat0
- Material
- ‘Nijisseiki’e1
- Treatment
- 800 ppme0
- Outcome
- fruit sete0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 62%e0
- Comparator
- nil treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit set was significantly reduced in proportion to the ethephon concentration with 800 ppm reducing fruit set by 62% compared to the nil treatment”
t0“Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai”
e1“‘Nijisseiki’ trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing ethephon concentrations significantly decreased fruit weight and flesh firmness.
- Taxon
- Pyrus pyrifolia NakaiPyrus pyrifoliat0
- Material
- ‘Nijisseiki’e1
- Treatment
- Increasing ethephon concentrationse0
- Outcome
- mean fruit weight and flesh firmnesse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing ethephon concentrations significantly decreased mean fruit weight and flesh firmness at harvest”
t0“Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai”
e1“‘Nijisseiki’ trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing ethephon concentrations significantly increased fruit soluble solids and seed number.
- Taxon
- Pyrus pyrifolia NakaiPyrus pyrifoliat0
- Material
- ‘Nijisseiki’e1
- Treatment
- Increasing ethephon concentrationse0
- Outcome
- fruit soluble solids concentration and seed numbere0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing ethephon concentrations significantly decreased mean fruit weight and flesh firmness at harvest, and significantly increased fruit soluble solids concentration and seed number”
t0“Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai”
e1“‘Nijisseiki’ trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Flesh spot decay and return bloom increased with ethephon concentration.
- Taxon
- Pyrus pyrifolia NakaiPyrus pyrifoliat0
- Material
- ‘Nijisseiki’e1
- Treatment
- Ethephone0
- Outcome
- flesh spot decaye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The incidence and severity of the fruit disorder, flesh spot decay, increased significantly in proportion to the concentration of ethephon when assessed after 12 weeks of storage at 2°C. Ethephon at both 600 and 800 ppm increased the area of individual spur leaves whereas neither shoot leaf nor spur leaf number were affected. Specific leaf weight (mg/ cm 2 ) was increased irrespective of ethephon concentration. Ethephon significantly increased return bloom the year after treatment by an average of 52%.”
t0“Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai”
e1“‘Nijisseiki’ trees”
The same questions in other papers
(2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid · yield · Pyrus communis (pear)Results differ
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
(2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid · yield · Pyrus pyrifolia (Asian pear)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
(2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid · quality: postharvest · Pyrus pyrifolia (Asian pear)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
1-naphthaleneacetic acid · yield · Pyrus pyrifolia (Asian pear)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
pruning · yield · Pyrus pyrifolia (Asian pear)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.