Abstract
Selenium toxicity and the effect of P application on Se in wheat (Triticum aestivum) was studied in a greenhouse experiment using the sandy soil of Haryana Agricultural University, Hissar, India. Selenium was applied at 0, 2.5, 5, and 10 ppm as Na2SeO3–5H2O, and P at 0, 50, and 100 ppm as KH2PO4. The application of P at 50 ppm increased, and that at 100 ppm decreased, dry matter, grain yield, N, S, Zn, Cu, chlorophyll, DNA, RNA, protein, and proline contents, and S-amino acids in wheat. Contents of Fe and Mn decreased as P increased to 50 and 100 ppm. Plant P increased with increases in added P up to 100 ppm. In P control and 50 ppm P treatments, the addition of Se decreased dry matter yield, grain yield, N, Zn, Cu at 50 days and maturity (135 days), DNA, RNA, protein, and proline in plants at 45 and 90 days after planting, and S-amino acids in grains, but 2.5 ppm Se with 50 ppm P increased, P, S, Fe, and Mn, and 2.5 and 5 ppm Se with 100 ppm P were beneficial on almost all parameters. Se content increased with 50 ppm P and all concentrations of Se, but decreased with 100 ppm P. Free amino acids were greater at 90 days than at 45 days sampling. Phosphorus application decreased free amino acids, but Se increased them. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) was grown after wheat to see the residual effect of Se and P. In sunflower there was low accumulation of Se, which increased with high Se and 50 ppm P, and decreased with 100 ppm P applied to the wheat crop. But, in this case, 50 and 100 ppm P added to the wheat crop increased N, P, and S. At 100 ppm P added to wheat, 2.5 and 5 ppm Se showed increased dry matter, P, and S content at 90 and 135 days. The high amounts (2.5 ppm and above) of added and residual Se in soil decreased the growth of wheat and sunflower, the absorption of Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn, S, and N, and the synthesis of nucleic acids, chlorophyll, and protein, whereas P decreased the harmful effect of Se, and increased all the above parameters.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
At 50 ppm, phosphorus increased wheat dry matter, grain yield and several nutrient and metabolic contents.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- P at 50 ppme0
- Outcome
- dry matter, grain yield, N, S, Zn, Cu, chlorophyll, DNA, RNA, protein, and proline contents, and S-amino acidse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of P at 50 ppm increased, and that at 100 ppm decreased, dry matter, grain yield, N, S, Zn, Cu, chlorophyll, DNA, RNA, protein, and proline contents, and S-amino acids in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
At 100 ppm, phosphorus decreased wheat dry matter, grain yield and several nutrient and metabolic contents.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- at 100 ppme0
- Outcome
- dry matter, grain yield, N, S, Zn, Cu, chlorophyll, DNA, RNA, protein, and proline contents, and S-amino acidse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of P at 50 ppm increased, and that at 100 ppm decreased, dry matter, grain yield, N, S, Zn, Cu, chlorophyll, DNA, RNA, protein, and proline contents, and S-amino acids in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing phosphorus to 50 and 100 ppm decreased iron and manganese contents.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Contents of Fe and Mn decreased as P increased to 50 and 100 ppm”
t0“PLANTS”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant phosphorus increased with added phosphorus up to 100 ppm.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Plant P increased with increases in added P up to 100 ppm”
Claim · model-written summary
Added selenium decreased wheat yield and multiple nutrient and metabolic contents under control or 50 ppm phosphorus.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee0
- Treatment
- the addition of See0
- Outcome
- dry matter yield, grain yield, N, Zn, Cu at 50 days and maturity (135 days), DNA, RNA, protein, and proline in plants at 45 and 90 days after planting, and S-amino acids in grainse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- P control and 50 ppm P treatmentse0
Verbatim
e0“In P control and 50 ppm P treatments, the addition of Se decreased dry matter yield, grain yield, N, Zn, Cu at 50 days and maturity (135 days), DNA, RNA, protein, and proline in plants at 45 and 90 days after planting, and S-amino acids in grains”
Claim · model-written summary
Selenium at 2.5 ppm with 50 ppm phosphorus increased phosphorus, sulfur, iron and manganese.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“2.5 ppm Se with 50 ppm P increased, P, S, Fe, and Mn”
Claim · model-written summary
Selenium at 2.5 and 5 ppm with 100 ppm phosphorus benefited almost all measured parameters.
- Taxon
- Pe0
- Treatment
- 2.5 and 5 ppm Se with 100 ppm Pe0
- Outcome
- almost all parameterse0
- Direction
- beneficiale0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“2.5 and 5 ppm Se with 100 ppm P were beneficial on almost all parameters”
Claim · model-written summary
Selenium content increased with 50 ppm phosphorus and all selenium concentrations.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Se content increased with 50 ppm P and all concentrations of Se, but decreased with 100 ppm P”
Claim · model-written summary
Selenium content decreased with 100 ppm phosphorus.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Se content increased with 50 ppm P and all concentrations of Se, but decreased with 100 ppm P”
Claim · model-written summary
Free amino acids were greater at 90 than 45 days.
Verbatim
e0“Free amino acids were greater at 90 days than at 45 days sampling”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus application decreased free amino acids.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Phosphorus application decreased free amino acids, but Se increased them”
Claim · model-written summary
Selenium application increased free amino acids.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Phosphorus application decreased free amino acids, but Se increased them”
Claim · model-written summary
Sunflower accumulated little selenium.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuuse0 - Outcome
- low accumulation of See0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In sunflower there was low accumulation of Se, which increased with high Se and 50 ppm P, and decreased with 100 ppm P applied to the wheat crop”
Claim · model-written summary
High selenium and 50 ppm phosphorus applied to wheat increased residual selenium accumulation in sunflower.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- high Se and 50 ppm Pe0
- Outcome
- accumulation of See0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In sunflower there was low accumulation of Se, which increased with high Se and 50 ppm P, and decreased with 100 ppm P applied to the wheat crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus at 100 ppm applied to wheat decreased residual selenium accumulation in sunflower.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- 100 ppm P applied to the wheat crope0
- Outcome
- accumulation of See0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In sunflower there was low accumulation of Se, which increased with high Se and 50 ppm P, and decreased with 100 ppm P applied to the wheat crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus at 50 and 100 ppm applied to wheat increased sunflower nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 50 and 100 ppm P added to the wheat crope0
- Outcome
- N, P, and Se0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“50 and 100 ppm P added to the wheat crop increased N, P, and S”
Claim · model-written summary
At 100 ppm phosphorus, 2.5 and 5 ppm selenium increased sunflower dry matter, phosphorus and sulfur at 90 and 135 days.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 2.5 and 5 ppm See0
- Outcome
- dry matter, P, and S contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- at 90 and 135 dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 100 ppm P added to wheat, 2.5 and 5 ppm Se showed increased dry matter, P, and S content at 90 and 135 days”
Claim · model-written summary
High added or residual selenium reduced wheat and sunflower growth, nutrient uptake and biosynthesis.
- Taxon
- wheat and sunflowerHelianthus annuusTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- high amounts (2.5 ppm and above) of added and residual Se in soile0
- Outcome
- the growth of wheat and sunflower, the absorption of Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn, S, and N, and the synthesis of nucleic acids, chlorophyll, and proteine0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The high amounts (2.5 ppm and above) of added and residual Se in soil decreased the growth of wheat and sunflower, the absorption of Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn, S, and N, and the synthesis of nucleic acids, chlorophyll, and protein”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus reduced harmful selenium effects and increased growth, nutrient uptake and biosynthesis parameters.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“P decreased the harmful effect of Se, and increased all the above parameters”
The same questions in other papers
selenium atom · physiology: pigments · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results differ
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
selenium atom · physiology: pigments · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
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See all 10 papers →selenium atom · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
21 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
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See all 22 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.