Abstract
Phytosulfokine-alpha (PSK-alpha) is a small plant peptide (5 amino acids) that displays characteristics typically associated with animal peptide hormones. PSK-alpha was originally isolated based on its mitogenic activity with plant cultures; it has been reported to increase production of tropane alkaloids from Atropa belladonna, although its general influence on secondary metabolite production is unknown. The studies reported in this article were initiated to evaluate the effects of PSK-alpha supplementation on production of Taxol (paclitaxel) from plant cell cultures of Taxus sp. particularly when methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is added as an elicitor of secondary metabolism. The response to PSK-alpha supplementation was cell line dependent. Taxus cuspidata P93AF showed no statistically significant response to PSK-alpha supplementation while Taxus canadensis C93AD and T. cuspidata PO93X displayed a concentration-dependent response (up to 100 nM PSK-alpha added in first 24 h of culture) with a decrease in initial growth rate, an increase in cell density (dry weight/fresh weight), and increased Taxol production. More remarkably with T. canadensis (C93AD), a very strong synergistic response of PSK-alpha (100 nM) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA, 100 microM) elicitation was observed, resulting in Taxol level of 35.3 +/- 2.1 mg/L or 1.83 +/- 0.02 mg Taxol/g dry cell weight achieved at day 21, a level of approximately 10-fold higher than for either treatment by itself. Although the level of Taxol production achieved is not remarkable, this synergistic treatment was able to partially revive taxane production in cultures that have lost productivity due to extended time (over 10 years) in continuous subculture.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Taxus cuspidata P93AF showed no statistically significant response to PSK-alpha supplementation.
- Taxon
- Taxus cuspidata P93AF
Taxus cuspidatae0 - Treatment
- PSK-alpha supplementatione0
- Outcome
- responsee0
- Direction
- no statistically significant responsee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Taxus cuspidata P93AF showed no statistically significant response to PSK-alpha supplementation”
Claim · model-written summary
PSK-alpha increased Taxol production in Taxus canadensis C93AD in a concentration-dependent response.
- Taxon
- Taxus canadensis C93AD
.jpg?width=60)
Taxus canadensise1 - Treatment
- PSK-alphae1
- Outcome
- Taxol productione1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- concentration-dependent responsee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“Taxus canadensis C93AD and T. cuspidata PO93X displayed a concentration-dependent response (up to 100 nM PSK-alpha added in first 24 h of culture) with a decrease in initial growth rate, an increase in cell density (dry weight/fresh weight), and increased Taxol production”
Claim · model-written summary
PSK-alpha increased Taxol production in T. cuspidata PO93X in a concentration-dependent response.
- Taxon
- T. cuspidata PO93XTaxus cuspidatae1
- Treatment
- PSK-alphae1
- Outcome
- Taxol productione1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- concentration-dependent responsee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Taxus canadensis C93AD and T. cuspidata PO93X displayed a concentration-dependent response (up to 100 nM PSK-alpha added in first 24 h of culture) with a decrease in initial growth rate, an increase in cell density (dry weight/fresh weight), and increased Taxol production”
Claim · model-written summary
PSK-alpha decreased the initial growth rate of Taxus canadensis C93AD cultures.
- Taxon
- Taxus canadensis C93ADTaxus canadensise1
- Treatment
- PSK-alphae1
- Outcome
- initial growth ratee1
- Direction
- decreasee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Taxus canadensis C93AD and T. cuspidata PO93X displayed a concentration-dependent response (up to 100 nM PSK-alpha added in first 24 h of culture) with a decrease in initial growth rate, an increase in cell density (dry weight/fresh weight), and increased Taxol production”
Claim · model-written summary
PSK-alpha increased cell density of Taxus canadensis C93AD cultures.
- Taxon
- Taxus canadensis C93ADTaxus canadensise1
- Treatment
- PSK-alphae1
- Outcome
- cell densitye1
- Direction
- increasee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Taxus canadensis C93AD and T. cuspidata PO93X displayed a concentration-dependent response (up to 100 nM PSK-alpha added in first 24 h of culture) with a decrease in initial growth rate, an increase in cell density (dry weight/fresh weight), and increased Taxol production”
Claim · model-written summary
PSK-alpha decreased the initial growth rate of T. cuspidata PO93X cultures.
- Taxon
- T. cuspidata PO93XTaxus cuspidatae1
- Treatment
- PSK-alphae1
- Outcome
- initial growth ratee1
- Direction
- decreasee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Taxus canadensis C93AD and T. cuspidata PO93X displayed a concentration-dependent response (up to 100 nM PSK-alpha added in first 24 h of culture) with a decrease in initial growth rate, an increase in cell density (dry weight/fresh weight), and increased Taxol production”
Claim · model-written summary
PSK-alpha increased cell density of T. cuspidata PO93X cultures.
- Taxon
- T. cuspidata PO93XTaxus cuspidatae1
- Treatment
- PSK-alphae1
- Outcome
- cell densitye1
- Direction
- increasee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Taxus canadensis C93AD and T. cuspidata PO93X displayed a concentration-dependent response (up to 100 nM PSK-alpha added in first 24 h of culture) with a decrease in initial growth rate, an increase in cell density (dry weight/fresh weight), and increased Taxol production”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined PSK-alpha and methyl jasmonate elicitation gave a very strong synergistic response in Taxus canadensis C93AD, with Taxol level approximately 10-fold higher than either treatment alone.
- Taxon
- T. canadensis (C93AD)Taxus canadensise2
- Treatment
- PSK-alpha (100 nM) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA, 100 microM) elicitatione2
- Outcome
- Taxol levele2
- Direction
- approximately 10-fold highere2
- Value
- approximately 10-folde2
- Comparator
- either treatment by itselfe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“More remarkably with T. canadensis (C93AD), a very strong synergistic response of PSK-alpha (100 nM) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA, 100 microM) elicitation was observed, resulting in Taxol level of 35.3 +/- 2.1 mg/L or 1.83 +/- 0.02 mg Taxol/g dry cell weight achieved at day 21, a level of approximately 10-fold higher than for either treatment by itself”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined PSK-alpha and MeJA elicitation achieved a Taxol level of 35.3 +/- 2.1 mg/L at day 21 in T. canadensis C93AD.
- Taxon
- T. canadensis (C93AD)Taxus canadensise2
- Treatment
- PSK-alpha (100 nM) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA, 100 microM) elicitatione2
- Outcome
- Taxol levele2
- Value
- 35.3 +/- 2.1 mg/Le2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“More remarkably with T. canadensis (C93AD), a very strong synergistic response of PSK-alpha (100 nM) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA, 100 microM) elicitation was observed, resulting in Taxol level of 35.3 +/- 2.1 mg/L or 1.83 +/- 0.02 mg Taxol/g dry cell weight achieved at day 21, a level of approximately 10-fold higher than for either treatment by itself”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined PSK-alpha and MeJA elicitation achieved 1.83 +/- 0.02 mg Taxol per g dry cell weight at day 21 in T. canadensis C93AD.
- Taxon
- T. canadensis (C93AD)Taxus canadensise2
- Treatment
- PSK-alpha (100 nM) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA, 100 microM) elicitatione2
- Outcome
- Taxole2
- Value
- 1.83 +/- 0.02 mg Taxol/g dry cell weighte2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“More remarkably with T. canadensis (C93AD), a very strong synergistic response of PSK-alpha (100 nM) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA, 100 microM) elicitation was observed, resulting in Taxol level of 35.3 +/- 2.1 mg/L or 1.83 +/- 0.02 mg Taxol/g dry cell weight achieved at day 21, a level of approximately 10-fold higher than for either treatment by itself”