Abstract
ABSTRACT The wheat stripe rust pathogen (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) population in China has been reported to be a distinct genetic group with higher diversity than those in many other countries. Genetic recombination in the P. striiformis f. sp. tritici population has been identified with molecular markers but whether sexual reproduction occurs in China is unknown. In this study, we surveyed barberry plants for infection by rust fungi in the stripe rust "hotspot" regions in Gansu, Sichuan, and Shaanxi provinces; collected barberry plants and inoculated plants of 20 Berberis spp. with germinated teliospores under controlled greenhouse conditions for susceptibility to P. striiformis f. sp. tritici; and tested P. striiformis f. sp. tritici isolates obtained from aecia on naturally infected barberry plants on the wheat genotypes used to differentiate Chinese P. striiformis f. sp. tritici races to determine virulence variations. Different Berberis spp. were widely distributed and most surveyed plants had pycnia and aecia of rust fungi throughout the surveyed regions. In total, 28 Berberis spp. were identified during our study. From 20 Berberis spp. tested with teliospores of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici from wheat plants, 18 species were susceptible under greenhouse conditions. Among 3,703 aecia sampled from barberry plants of three species (Berberis shensiana, B. brachypoda, and B. soulieana) under natural infections in Gansu and Shaanxi provinces, four produced P. striiformis f. sp. tritici uredinia on susceptible wheat 'Mingxian 169'. Sequence of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of the four isolates from barberry shared 99% identity with the P. striiformis f. sp. tritici sequences in the National Center for Biotechnology Information database. The four isolates had virulence patterns different from all previously reported races collected from wheat plants. Furthermore, 82 single-uredinium isolates obtained from the four barberry isolates had high virulence diversity rates of 9.0 to 28.1%, indicating that the diverse isolates were produced through sexual reproduction on barberry plants under natural conditions. In addition to P. striiformis f. sp. tritici, sequence analysis of polymerase chain reaction products of the ITS regions and inoculation tests on wheat identified P. graminis (the stem rust pathogen). Our results indicated that P. striiformis f. sp. tritici can infect some Berberis spp. under natural conditions, and the sexual cycle of the fungus may contribute to the diversity of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici in China.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Different Berberis species were widely distributed in the surveyed regions.
- Outcome
- widely distributede0
.jpg?width=60){kind=small}
BerberisNot reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Different Berberis spp. were widely distributed”
Claim · model-written summary
Most surveyed Berberis plants had pycnia and aecia of rust fungi.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“most surveyed plants had pycnia and aecia of rust fungi throughout the surveyed regions”
e1“Different Berberis spp. were widely distributed”
Claim · model-written summary
The survey identified 28 Berberis species.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In total, 28 Berberis spp. were identified during our study”
Claim · model-written summary
Eighteen of 20 tested Berberis species were susceptible to the wheat stripe rust pathogen in greenhouse tests.
- Treatment
- teliospores of P. striiformis f. sp. triticie0
- Interactor
- P. striiformis f. sp. tritici
Puccinia striiformis f. sp. triticie0pathogen - Outcome
- susceptiblee0
- Value
- 18 speciese0
- Setting
- greenhouse conditionse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“From 20 Berberis spp. tested with teliospores of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici from wheat plants, 18 species were susceptible under greenhouse conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Four aecia from naturally infected barberry produced stripe rust uredinia on wheat Mingxian 169.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Material
- Mingxian 169e0
- Interactor
- P. striiformis f. sp. triticiPuccinia striiformis f. sp. triticie0pathogen
- Outcome
- P. striiformis f. sp. tritici urediniae0
- Value
- foure0
- Setting
- Gansu and Shaanxi provincese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among 3,703 aecia sampled from barberry plants of three species (Berberis shensiana, B. brachypoda, and B. soulieana) under natural infections in Gansu and Shaanxi provinces, four produced P. striiformis f. sp. tritici uredinia on susceptible wheat 'Mingxian 169'”
Claim · model-written summary
Four barberry isolates had ITS sequences with 99% identity to reference stripe rust sequences.
- Taxon
- barberrye0
- Interactor
- P. striiformis f. sp. triticiPuccinia striiformis f. sp. triticie0pathogen
- Outcome
- identitye0
- Value
- 99%e0
- Comparator
- P. striiformis f. sp. tritici sequencese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sequence of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of the four isolates from barberry shared 99% identity with the P. striiformis f. sp. tritici sequences in the National Center for Biotechnology Information database”
Claim · model-written summary
The four barberry isolates had virulence patterns distinct from previously reported wheat races.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Interactor
- isolatese0pathogen
- Outcome
- virulence patternse0
- Comparator
- all previously reported racese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The four isolates had virulence patterns different from all previously reported races collected from wheat plants”
e1“four isolates from barberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Single-uredinium isolates from barberry had virulence diversity rates of 9.0 to 28.1%.
Verbatim
e0“82 single-uredinium isolates obtained from the four barberry isolates had high virulence diversity rates of 9.0 to 28.1%”
Claim · model-written summary
ITS analysis and wheat inoculation tests identified the stem rust pathogen P. graminis.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Interactor
- P. graminis
Puccinia graminise0pathogen - Outcome
- identified P. graminise0
Not reportedComparatorDirectionValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sequence analysis of polymerase chain reaction products of the ITS regions and inoculation tests on wheat identified P. graminis (the stem rust pathogen)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that the stripe rust pathogen can infect some Berberis species naturally.
- Interactor
- P. striiformis f. sp. triticiPuccinia striiformis f. sp. triticie0pathogen
- Outcome
- can infecte0
- Setting
- natural conditionse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P. striiformis f. sp. tritici can infect some Berberis spp. under natural conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest sexual reproduction on barberry may contribute to stripe rust diversity in China.
- Taxon
- barberrye1
- Interactor
- P. striiformis f. sp. triticiPuccinia striiformis f. sp. triticie0pathogen
- Outcome
- diversity of P. striiformis f. sp. triticie0
- Qualifier
- sexual cycle of the funguse0
- Setting
- Chinae0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the sexual cycle of the fungus may contribute to the diversity of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici in China”
e1“barberry plants under natural conditions”