Abstract
Late maturity often causes substantial losses in yield and quality of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in the short growing season in western Canada. This study determined optimum harvest management practices to minimize losses due to late maturity. Kabuli chickpea was grown in southwestern Saskatchewan from 2002 to 2004, and seed and straw were harvested with various harvest management practices. Seed yield in 2004 was higher compared with 2002 and 2003, but the 2004 seed samples had a high percentage of shrivelled and green seeds. Seed yield, weight per seed and harvest index (HI) were highest when the crop was directly combined at natural maturity either before or after a killing (-5°C) frost. On average, swathing at early or late maturity stages decreased seed yield, weight per seed and HI significantly compared with direct combine practices. Seeds from the swathing treatments had high percentages of green and shrivelled seeds with high levels of fungal colonization. Both seed and straw from swathing had the poorest feeding quality measured as neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, and organic matter content and digestibility. Desiccation of chickpea plants with Reglone or low dosages of glyphosate when 80% of pods had turned colour did not advance plant maturity, nor did they affect seed yield or HI compared with direct combine practices. It is concluded that in the short growing season in western Canada, harvest of chickpea at natural maturity either prior to or after a killing frost may optimize the seed yield and quality. Regardless of harvest practices, the quality of both seed and straw in chickpea may be suitable as salvage feed materials for beef livestock. Key words: Cicer arietinum, desiccation, direct-combine, maturity, glyphosate stress, swath, salvage feed
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Seed yield was higher in 2004 than in 2002 and 2003.
- Taxon
- chickpea
Cicer arietinumt0 - Outcome
- Seed yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- 2002 and 2003e0
- Setting
- 2004e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed yield in 2004 was higher compared with 2002 and 2003”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
The 2004 seed samples had a high percentage of shrivelled and green seeds.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Outcome
- percentage of shrivelled and green seedse0
- Direction
- highe0
- Qualifier
- 2004e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the 2004 seed samples had a high percentage of shrivelled and green seeds”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Direct combining at natural maturity before or after a killing frost yielded the highest seed yield, weight per seed and harvest index.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- directly combined at natural maturitye0
- Outcome
- Seed yield, weight per seed and harvest index (HI)e0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- either before or after a killing (-5°C) froste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed yield, weight per seed and harvest index (HI) were highest when the crop was directly combined at natural maturity either before or after a killing (-5°C) frost”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Swathing at early or late maturity significantly reduced seed yield, weight per seed and harvest index compared with direct combining.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- swathing at early or late maturity stagese0
- Outcome
- seed yield, weight per seed and HIe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- direct combine practicese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“swathing at early or late maturity stages decreased seed yield, weight per seed and HI significantly compared with direct combine practices”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Seeds from swathing treatments had high percentages of green and shrivelled seeds.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- swathing treatmentse0
- Outcome
- percentages of green and shrivelled seedse0
- Direction
- highe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seeds from the swathing treatments had high percentages of green and shrivelled seeds with high levels of fungal colonization”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Swathed seeds had high fungal colonization.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- swathing treatmentse0
- Outcome
- fungal colonizatione0
- Direction
- highe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seeds from the swathing treatments had high percentages of green and shrivelled seeds with high levels of fungal colonization”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed and straw from swathing had the poorest feeding quality by fibre, organic matter and digestibility measures.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- swathinge0
- Outcome
- feeding qualitye0
- Direction
- pooreste0
- Qualifier
- neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, and organic matter content and digestibilitye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both seed and straw from swathing had the poorest feeding quality measured as neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, and organic matter content and digestibility”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Reglone desiccation at 80% pod colour change did not advance maturity or affect seed yield or harvest index versus direct combining.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- Reglonee0
- Outcome
- plant maturity, nor did they affect seed yield or HIe0
- Direction
- did not advancee0
- Qualifier
- when 80% of pods had turned coloure0
- Comparator
- direct combine practicese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Desiccation of chickpea plants with Reglone or low dosages of glyphosate when 80% of pods had turned colour did not advance plant maturity, nor did they affect seed yield or HI compared with direct combine practices”
Claim · model-written summary
Low glyphosate doses at 80% pod colour change did not advance maturity or affect yield or harvest index versus direct combining.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- low dosages of glyphosatee0
- Outcome
- plant maturity, nor did they affect seed yield or HIe0
- Direction
- did not advancee0
- Qualifier
- when 80% of pods had turned coloure0
- Comparator
- direct combine practicese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Desiccation of chickpea plants with Reglone or low dosages of glyphosate when 80% of pods had turned colour did not advance plant maturity, nor did they affect seed yield or HI compared with direct combine practices”
Claim · model-written summary
Harvesting at natural maturity before or after killing frost may optimize chickpea seed yield and quality in western Canada.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Outcome
- harvest of chickpea at natural maturity either prior to or after a killing froste0
- Setting
- western Canadae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the short growing season in western Canada, harvest of chickpea at natural maturity either prior to or after a killing frost may optimize the seed yield and quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Chickpea seed and straw may be suitable salvage feed irrespective of harvest practice.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Outcome
- quality of both seed and strawe0
- Qualifier
- Regardless of harvest practicese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Regardless of harvest practices, the quality of both seed and straw in chickpea may be suitable as salvage feed materials for beef livestock”
The same questions in other papers
glyphosate · yield · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
stage · yield · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Positive and negative results
41 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
43 papers more in this group
See all 47 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.