Abstract
Chickpea is mainly grown on marginal lands across the Pakistan where it has to face the problem of water shortage due to erratic water availability. For improvement of chickpea production, there is dire need for development of drought tolerant chickpea genotypes with high yield potential. Therefore, 20 advanced lines were evaluated against three water treatments (irrigated, rainfed and rain shelters) by following two-factor factorial randomized complete block design. Treatment mean comparison showed that irrigation at initiation of flowering promoted the vegetative growth and reduced the grain yield by redirecting the translocation of assimilates to the vegetative parts instead of grains. Rain shelter treatment induced the earliness in chickpea genotypes to complete the life cycle as early as possible to avoid severe water shortage but due to earliness there was great yield penalty in genotypes. Principal component analysis (PCA) based on drought tolerance indices converted the traits into principal components (PCs) in which PC 1 and PC 2 contributed 84.62% cumulative variability. So, these components were used for making biplot graph. Biplot categorized the genotypes into four distinct groups. Group-1 which was characterized to have the genotypes with superior performance under normal and stressed conditions included CM 1403/08, CM 1909/08, CM 516/06, D 096-11, CH 51/07, CH 54/07 and TGDX 203. Genotypes of group-1 were selected to be used as parents to develop high yielding genotypes because these genotypes showed highest yield under diverse water regimes. Other three groups had least importance as their tolerance level and potential yield was lower than Group-1.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation at flowering promoted chickpea vegetative growth.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“irrigation at initiation of flowering promoted the vegetative growth and reduced the grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation at flowering reduced chickpea grain yield.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“irrigation at initiation of flowering promoted the vegetative growth and reduced the grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Rain shelter treatment induced earlier maturation in chickpea genotypes.
- Taxon
- chickpea
Cicer arietinume0 - Treatment
- Rain shelter treatmente0
- Outcome
- earlinesse0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rain shelter treatment induced the earliness in chickpea genotypes to complete the life cycle as early as possible”
Claim · model-written summary
Rain shelter treatment caused a large yield penalty in chickpea genotypes.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- Rain shelter treatmente0
- Outcome
- yield penaltye0
- Direction
- penaltye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rain shelter treatment induced the earliness in chickpea genotypes to complete the life cycle as early as possible to avoid severe water shortage but due to earliness there was great yield penalty in genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
The first two principal components of drought tolerance indices explained 84.62% of cumulative variability.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“PC 1 and PC 2 contributed 84.62% cumulative variability”
Claim · model-written summary
The biplot separated chickpea genotypes into four groups.
- Outcome
- four distinct groupse0
Not reportedValue
Verbatim
e0“Biplot categorized the genotypes into four distinct groups”
Claim · model-written summary
Group 1 lines performed best under normal and water-stressed conditions.
- Material
- CM 1403/08, CM 1909/08, CM 516/06, D 096-11, CH 51/07, CH 54/07 and TGDX 203e0
- Outcome
- superior performancee0
- Qualifier
- normal and stressed conditionse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Group-1 which was characterized to have the genotypes with superior performance under normal and stressed conditions included CM 1403/08, CM 1909/08, CM 516/06, D 096-11, CH 51/07, CH 54/07 and TGDX 203”
Claim · model-written summary
Group 1 chickpea genotypes had the highest yield across water regimes.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“these genotypes showed highest yield under diverse water regimes”
Claim · model-written summary
The other three genotype groups had lower drought tolerance and yield potential than Group 1.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Other three groups had least importance as their tolerance level and potential yield was lower than Group-1”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors selected Group 1 genotypes as parents for developing high-yield chickpea.
- Outcome
- used as parents to develop high yielding genotypese0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Genotypes of group-1 were selected to be used as parents to develop high yielding genotypes”
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