Abstract
Objective : To determine the phenology, dry matter yield, grain yield and yield components of chickpea under four tillage methods and three sowing times within a semi-arid area of Kenya. Methodology and results : Field experiments were carried out at the National Animal Husbandry Research Centre, Naivasha, Kenya, between 2005 and 2007. Four tillage methods (Conventional, Strip, Furrow tillage, and double digging) and three sowing times (at onset, one week, two weeks after onset of rains) were evaluated. The experiment was a Randomized Complete Block Design replicated thrice in a split plot treatment design with tillage methods as main plots and sowing times allocated to the subplots. Days to 50% flowering and physiological maturity was 61 and 120 respectively irrespective of tillage method or sowing time in both seasons. Shoot biomass varied from 3242.1 to 4231.3 kg ha -1 in Season 1 and 3035.8 to 4556.1 kg ha -1 in Season 2 under tillage treatments, but, no significant differences in season 1 among sowing times. In season 2, the crop sown 2 weeks after onset of rains had significantly lower biomass yield. Plants in strip tilled plots had 36% more pods than other tillage methods in season I but not in 2. Sowing time had no significant effect on number of pods in season 1 but in season 2; the crop sown 2 weeks after the onset of rains had fewer pods. Grain yield was not influenced by tillage method or sowing times in season 1, but in season 2, strip tillage and sowing at the onset of rains yielded significantly higher grain yield than the other respective treatments. Mean grain yield were 1604kg /ha and 1895.95 kg/ha for season 1 and 2 respectively. Conclusion and application : Tillage methods and sowing times independently influenced growth, biomass development, yield components and grain yield in Kabuli chickpea, Var ICCV 95423 under semi-arid conditions in Kenya. The results were season -dependent. Sowing within two weeks after the onset of rains did not significantly lower biomass and grain yield. Strip tillage was superior to conventional tillage in the parameters measured. The time to 50% flowering and 50% maturity were not affected by tillage methods and sowing times. These results indicate that there is good potential for chickpea production (1.4 to 2.5 tonnes/ha) in this area which could be exploited to diversify grain legume production in Kenya.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Days to 50% flowering of chickpea (61 days) did not depend on tillage method or sowing time.
- Taxon
- chickpea
Cicer arietinumt0 - Outcome
- Days to 50% floweringe2
- Value
- 61e2
- Qualifier
- irrespective of tillage method or sowing timee2
- Setting
- Naivasha, Kenyae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“yield components of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e1“Field experiments were carried out at the National Animal Husbandry Research Centre, Naivasha, Kenya”
e2“Days to 50% flowering and physiological maturity was 61 and 120 respectively irrespective of tillage method or sowing time”
Claim · model-written summary
Days to physiological maturity of chickpea (120 days) did not depend on tillage method or sowing time.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Outcome
- physiological maturitye2
- Value
- 120e2
- Qualifier
- irrespective of tillage method or sowing timee2
- Setting
- Naivasha, Kenyae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“yield components of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e1“Field experiments were carried out at the National Animal Husbandry Research Centre, Naivasha, Kenya”
e2“Days to 50% flowering and physiological maturity was 61 and 120 respectively irrespective of tillage method or sowing time”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot biomass of chickpea in season 1 ranged from 3242.1 to 4231.3 kg/ha under the tillage treatments.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- tillage treatmentse3
- Outcome
- Shoot biomasse3
- Value
- 3242.1 to 4231.3 kg ha -1e3
- Qualifier
- in Season 1e3
- Setting
- Naivasha, Kenyae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“yield components of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e1“Field experiments were carried out at the National Animal Husbandry Research Centre, Naivasha, Kenya”
e3“Shoot biomass varied from 3242.1 to 4231.3 kg ha -1 in Season 1 and 3035.8 to 4556.1 kg ha -1 in Season 2 under tillage treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot biomass of chickpea in season 2 ranged from 3035.8 to 4556.1 kg/ha under the tillage treatments.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- tillage treatmentse3
- Outcome
- Shoot biomasse3
- Value
- 3035.8 to 4556.1 kg ha -1e3
- Qualifier
- in Season 2e3
- Setting
- Naivasha, Kenyae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“yield components of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e1“Field experiments were carried out at the National Animal Husbandry Research Centre, Naivasha, Kenya”
e3“Shoot biomass varied from 3242.1 to 4231.3 kg ha -1 in Season 1 and 3035.8 to 4556.1 kg ha -1 in Season 2 under tillage treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
In season 1 shoot biomass of chickpea did not differ significantly among sowing times.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- sowing timese4
- Outcome
- Shoot biomasse3
- Direction
- no significant differencese4
- Qualifier
- in season 1e4
- Setting
- Naivasha, Kenyae1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“yield components of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e1“Field experiments were carried out at the National Animal Husbandry Research Centre, Naivasha, Kenya”
e3“Shoot biomass varied from 3242.1 to 4231.3 kg ha -1 in Season 1 and 3035.8 to 4556.1 kg ha -1 in Season 2 under tillage treatments”
e4“no significant differences in season 1 among sowing times”
Claim · model-written summary
In season 2 the crop sown two weeks after onset of rains had significantly lower biomass yield.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- the crop sown 2 weeks after onset of rainse5
- Outcome
- biomass yielde5
- Direction
- lowere5
- Qualifier
- In season 2e5
- Setting
- Naivasha, Kenyae1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“yield components of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e1“Field experiments were carried out at the National Animal Husbandry Research Centre, Naivasha, Kenya”
e5“In season 2, the crop sown 2 weeks after onset of rains had significantly lower biomass yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Strip-tilled plots had 36% more chickpea pods than other tillage methods in season 1 but not in season 2.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- strip tilled plotse6
- Outcome
- podse6
- Direction
- moree6
- Value
- 36%e6
- Qualifier
- in season I but not in 2e6
- Comparator
- other tillage methodse6
- Setting
- Naivasha, Kenyae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“yield components of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e1“Field experiments were carried out at the National Animal Husbandry Research Centre, Naivasha, Kenya”
e6“Plants in strip tilled plots had 36% more pods than other tillage methods in season I but not in 2”
Claim · model-written summary
Sowing time had no significant effect on chickpea pod number in season 1.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Sowing timee7
- Outcome
- number of podse7
- Direction
- no significant effecte7
- Qualifier
- in season 1e7
- Setting
- Naivasha, Kenyae1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“yield components of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e1“Field experiments were carried out at the National Animal Husbandry Research Centre, Naivasha, Kenya”
e7“Sowing time had no significant effect on number of pods in season 1 but in season 2; the crop sown 2 weeks after the onset of rains had fewer pods”
Claim · model-written summary
In season 2 the crop sown two weeks after the onset of rains had fewer chickpea pods.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- the crop sown 2 weeks after the onset of rainse7
- Outcome
- podse7
- Direction
- fewere7
- Qualifier
- in season 2e7
- Setting
- Naivasha, Kenyae1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“yield components of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e1“Field experiments were carried out at the National Animal Husbandry Research Centre, Naivasha, Kenya”
e7“Sowing time had no significant effect on number of pods in season 1 but in season 2; the crop sown 2 weeks after the onset of rains had fewer pods”
Claim · model-written summary
In season 1 grain yield of chickpea was not influenced by tillage method or sowing time.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- tillage method or sowing timese2
- Outcome
- Grain yielde2
- Direction
- was not influencede2
- Qualifier
- in season 1e2
- Setting
- Naivasha, Kenyae1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“yield components of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e1“Field experiments were carried out at the National Animal Husbandry Research Centre, Naivasha, Kenya”
e2“Grain yield was not influenced by tillage method or sowing times in season 1, but in season 2, strip tillage and sowing at the onset of rains yielded significantly higher grain yield than the other respective treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
In season 2 strip tillage gave significantly higher chickpea grain yield than the other tillage treatments.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- strip tillagee2
- Outcome
- grain yielde2
- Direction
- highere2
- Qualifier
- in season 2e2
- Comparator
- the other respective treatmentse2
- Setting
- Naivasha, Kenyae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“yield components of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e1“Field experiments were carried out at the National Animal Husbandry Research Centre, Naivasha, Kenya”
e2“Grain yield was not influenced by tillage method or sowing times in season 1, but in season 2, strip tillage and sowing at the onset of rains yielded significantly higher grain yield than the other respective treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
In season 2 sowing at the onset of rains gave significantly higher chickpea grain yield than the other sowing times.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- sowing at the onset of rainse2
- Outcome
- grain yielde2
- Direction
- highere2
- Qualifier
- in season 2e2
- Comparator
- the other respective treatmentse2
- Setting
- Naivasha, Kenyae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“yield components of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e1“Field experiments were carried out at the National Animal Husbandry Research Centre, Naivasha, Kenya”
e2“Grain yield was not influenced by tillage method or sowing times in season 1, but in season 2, strip tillage and sowing at the onset of rains yielded significantly higher grain yield than the other respective treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Mean grain yield of chickpea in season 1 was 1604 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Outcome
- Mean grain yielde2
- Value
- 1604kg /hae2
- Qualifier
- for season 1e2
- Setting
- Naivasha, Kenyae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“yield components of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e1“Field experiments were carried out at the National Animal Husbandry Research Centre, Naivasha, Kenya”
e2“Mean grain yield were 1604kg /ha and 1895.95 kg/ha for season 1 and 2”
Claim · model-written summary
Mean grain yield of chickpea in season 2 was 1895.95 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Outcome
- Mean grain yielde2
- Value
- 1895.95 kg/hae2
- Qualifier
- for season 1 and 2e2
- Setting
- Naivasha, Kenyae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“yield components of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e1“Field experiments were carried out at the National Animal Husbandry Research Centre, Naivasha, Kenya”
e2“Mean grain yield were 1604kg /ha and 1895.95 kg/ha for season 1 and 2”
Claim · model-written summary
Sowing within two weeks after the onset of rains did not significantly lower chickpea biomass and grain yield.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Sowing within two weeks after the onset of rainse2
- Outcome
- biomass and grain yielde2
- Direction
- did not significantly lowere2
- Setting
- Naivasha, Kenyae1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“yield components of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e1“Field experiments were carried out at the National Animal Husbandry Research Centre, Naivasha, Kenya”
e2“Sowing within two weeks after the onset of rains did not significantly lower biomass and grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Strip tillage was superior to conventional tillage in the chickpea parameters measured.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Strip tillagee2
- Outcome
- parameters measurede2
- Direction
- superiore2
- Comparator
- conventional tillagee2
- Setting
- Naivasha, Kenyae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“yield components of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e1“Field experiments were carried out at the National Animal Husbandry Research Centre, Naivasha, Kenya”
e2“Strip tillage was superior to conventional tillage in the parameters measured”
Claim · model-written summary
Time to 50% flowering and 50% maturity of chickpea was not affected by tillage methods or sowing times.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- tillage methods and sowing timese2
- Outcome
- time to 50% flowering and 50% maturitye2
- Direction
- were not affectede2
- Setting
- Naivasha, Kenyae1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“yield components of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e1“Field experiments were carried out at the National Animal Husbandry Research Centre, Naivasha, Kenya”
e2“The time to 50% flowering and 50% maturity were not affected by tillage methods and sowing times”
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage methods and sowing times independently influenced chickpea growth, biomass, yield components and grain yield (the effect direction is not stated).
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Tillage methods and sowing timese2
- Outcome
- growth, biomass development, yield components and grain yielde2
- Setting
- Naivasha, Kenyae1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“yield components of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e1“Field experiments were carried out at the National Animal Husbandry Research Centre, Naivasha, Kenya”
e2“Tillage methods and sowing times independently influenced growth, biomass development, yield components and grain yield in Kabuli chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Chickpea production potential of 1.4 to 2.5 tonnes/ha exists in the study area.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Outcome
- good potential for chickpea productione2
- Value
- 1.4 to 2.5 tonnes/hae2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“yield components of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e2“there is good potential for chickpea production (1.4 to 2.5 tonnes/ha) in this area”
The same questions in other papers
tillage · phenology · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
sowing time · phenology · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
rainfall · yield · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- negative
- negative
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →sowing time · growth · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 18 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
17 papers more in this group
See all 21 papers →sowing time · yield · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Positive and negative results
16 papers in the same direction as this paper · 68 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
81 papers more in this group
See all 85 papers →tillage · yield · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Positive and negative results
78 papers in the same direction as this paper · 16 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- negative
- negative
93 papers more in this group
See all 97 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.