Abstract
Ascochyta blight, caused by Ascochyta rabiei, is a major constraint to chickpea production in Saskatchewan. Foliar fungicides were evaluated at various rates and timings for managing blight epidemics over 18 station years from 1998 to 2000. Dry weather in 1998 resulted in low disease pressure, and fungicide application had no effect on blight severity and yield. In 1999 and 2000, wet conditions favored the development of epidemics. Under high disease pressure, a single fungicide application often reduced disease severity, but had no effect on yield. Two applications (early + mid flowering) of chlorothalonil (Bravo® 500) at 1 kg active ingredients (a.i.)/ha, two applications of azoxystrobin (Quadris®) at 125 g a.i./ha, or chlorothalonil + azoxystrobin reduced ascochyta blight and increased yield. An alternative formulation of chlorothalonil, Bravo Ultrex®, was less effective than Bravo 500, but more effective than mancozeb (Dithane®). Fungicide application had a substantial impact on seed yield; at one site, yield in the untreated control was less than 5% of the best fungicide treatment. Regression analysis showed a strong relationship between disease severity and seed yield. With high disease pressure in 2000, the incidence of seed-borne A. rabiei was 30–;48%. Applying azoxystrobin at early + mid flowering reduced it to 7–9%. Fungicide application had no impact on other seed-borne pathogens such as Botrytis cinerea, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and Fusarium spp. These results indicate that fungicide application can complement partial resistance to reduce blight severity and increase seed yield and quality in chickpea.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide application in dry 1998 had no effect on chickpea blight severity or yield.
- Taxon
- chickpea
Cicer arietinumt0 - Treatment
- fungicide applicatione0
- Interactor
- Ascochyta rabiei
.jpg?width=60)
Ascochyta rabieit0pathogen - Outcome
- blight severity and yielde0
- Direction
- no effecte0
- Qualifier
- Dry weather in 1998e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Dry weather in 1998 resulted in low disease pressure, and fungicide application had no effect on blight severity and yield.”
t0“Ascochyta rabiei] of chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
A single fungicide application often reduced blight severity under high disease pressure.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- a single fungicide applicatione0
- Interactor
- Ascochyta rabieiAscochyta rabieit0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- Under high disease pressuree0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under high disease pressure, a single fungicide application often reduced disease severity, but had no effect on yield.”
t0“Ascochyta rabiei] of chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
A single fungicide application had no effect on yield under high disease pressure.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- a single fungicide applicatione0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- no effecte0
- Qualifier
- Under high disease pressuree0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under high disease pressure, a single fungicide application often reduced disease severity, but had no effect on yield.”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Two chlorothalonil applications reduced ascochyta blight.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Two applications (early + mid flowering) of chlorothalonil (Bravo® 500) at 1 kg active ingredients (a.i.)/hae0
- Interactor
- Ascochyta rabieiAscochyta rabieit0pathogen
- Outcome
- ascochyta blighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two applications (early + mid flowering) of chlorothalonil (Bravo® 500) at 1 kg active ingredients (a.i.)/ha, two applications of azoxystrobin (Quadris®) at 125 g a.i./ha, or chlorothalonil + azoxystrobin reduced ascochyta blight and increased yield.”
t0“Ascochyta rabiei] of chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Two chlorothalonil applications increased yield.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Two applications (early + mid flowering) of chlorothalonil (Bravo® 500) at 1 kg active ingredients (a.i.)/hae0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two applications (early + mid flowering) of chlorothalonil (Bravo® 500) at 1 kg active ingredients (a.i.)/ha, two applications of azoxystrobin (Quadris®) at 125 g a.i./ha, or chlorothalonil + azoxystrobin reduced ascochyta blight and increased yield.”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Two azoxystrobin applications reduced ascochyta blight.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- two applications of azoxystrobin (Quadris®) at 125 g a.i./hae0
- Interactor
- Ascochyta rabieiAscochyta rabieit0pathogen
- Outcome
- ascochyta blighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two applications of azoxystrobin (Quadris®) at 125 g a.i./ha, or chlorothalonil + azoxystrobin reduced ascochyta blight and increased yield.”
t0“Ascochyta rabiei] of chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Two azoxystrobin applications increased yield.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- two applications of azoxystrobin (Quadris®) at 125 g a.i./hae0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two applications of azoxystrobin (Quadris®) at 125 g a.i./ha, or chlorothalonil + azoxystrobin reduced ascochyta blight and increased yield.”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined chlorothalonil and azoxystrobin reduced ascochyta blight.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- chlorothalonil + azoxystrobine0
- Interactor
- Ascochyta rabieiAscochyta rabieit0pathogen
- Outcome
- ascochyta blighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chlorothalonil + azoxystrobin reduced ascochyta blight and increased yield.”
t0“Ascochyta rabiei] of chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined chlorothalonil and azoxystrobin increased yield.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- chlorothalonil + azoxystrobine0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chlorothalonil + azoxystrobin reduced ascochyta blight and increased yield.”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Bravo Ultrex was less effective than Bravo 500 against blight.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Bravo Ultrex®e0
- Outcome
- less effectivee0
- Direction
- less effectivee0
- Comparator
- Bravo 500e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An alternative formulation of chlorothalonil, Bravo Ultrex®, was less effective than Bravo 500, but more effective than mancozeb (Dithane®).”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Bravo Ultrex was more effective than mancozeb against blight.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Bravo Ultrex®e0
- Outcome
- more effectivee0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
- Comparator
- mancozeb (Dithane®)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An alternative formulation of chlorothalonil, Bravo Ultrex®, was less effective than Bravo 500, but more effective than mancozeb (Dithane®).”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Untreated seed yield at one site was below 5% of the best fungicide treatment.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- less thane0
- Value
- less than 5%e0
- Comparator
- best fungicide treatmente0
- Setting
- at one sitee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at one site, yield in the untreated control was less than 5% of the best fungicide treatment.”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Disease severity was strongly related to seed yield.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Comparator
- disease severitye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Regression analysis showed a strong relationship between disease severity and seed yield.”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed-borne A. rabiei incidence was 30–;48% under high disease pressure in 2000.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Interactor
- A. rabieiAscochyta rabieie0pathogen
- Outcome
- incidence of seed-borne A. rabieie0
- Value
- 30–;48%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With high disease pressure in 2000, the incidence of seed-borne A. rabiei was 30–;48%.”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Early and mid flowering azoxystrobin reduced seed-borne A. rabiei incidence to 7–9%.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- azoxystrobin at early + mid floweringe0
- Interactor
- Ascochyta rabieiAscochyta rabieit0pathogen
- Outcome
- Ascochyta rabieit0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 7–9%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applying azoxystrobin at early + mid flowering reduced it to 7–9%.”
t0“Ascochyta rabiei] of chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide application had no impact on seed-borne Botrytis cinerea.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Fungicide applicatione0
- Interactor
- Botrytis cinerea
Botrytis cinereae0pathogen - Outcome
- seed-borne pathogense0
- Direction
- no impacte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fungicide application had no impact on other seed-borne pathogens such as Botrytis cinerea, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and Fusarium spp.”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide application had no impact on seed-borne Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Fungicide applicatione0
- Interactor
- Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
Sclerotinia sclerotiorume0pathogen - Outcome
- seed-borne pathogense0
- Direction
- no impacte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fungicide application had no impact on other seed-borne pathogens such as Botrytis cinerea, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and Fusarium spp.”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide application had no impact on seed-borne Fusarium spp.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Fungicide applicatione0
- Outcome
- seed-borne pathogense0
- Direction
- no impacte0
FusariumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fungicide application had no impact on other seed-borne pathogens such as Botrytis cinerea, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and Fusarium spp.”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that fungicides can complement partial resistance to reduce blight and raise yield and quality.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Outcome
- complement partial resistance to reduce blight severity and increase seed yield and qualitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fungicide application can complement partial resistance to reduce blight severity and increase seed yield and quality in chickpea.”
The same questions in other papers
chlorothalonil · yield · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
azoxystrobin · yield · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
chlorothalonil · Ascochyta rabiei · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
azoxystrobin · Ascochyta rabiei · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
fungicide · yield · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Results differ
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 12 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
15 papers more in this group
See all 19 papers →fungicide · Botrytis cinerea · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
fungicide · Sclerotinia sclerotiorum · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
fungicide · Fusarium · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- no effect
8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.