Abstract
A microbial consortium-based sustainable and economic bionutrient package for rice has been developed to reduce reliance on chemical fertilizer. The components of the package include Pseudomonas-enriched mycostraw, Azospirillum, and cyanobacteria for different niches. Enriched mycostraw had thrice the amount of nitrogen and sulfur, twice the amount of phosphorus and 1.3–1.9 times potash and micronutrients (Zn, Fe, Mn) than rice straw and showed a 17.3 C:N ratio. Such bionutrient package application for four consecutive years resulted in an increase in fertilizer use efficiency (5–10%), ARA activity, Azospirillum preponderance, and soil nutrients like total nitrogen (4–5%), total phosphorus (0.7–1%), organic carbon (14–16%) compared to the initial value. Improvement in all the above parameters was reflected in augmentation of grain yield (17%) and straw yield (14.1%). The bionutreint package, when tested at farmers’ sites, showed an increase of 6–20% and 10–35% rice grain yield in resource rich and resource poor farmers, respectively, over the farmers’ conventional practice. Varietal difference did not have any influence on benefit derived from the bionutrient package. A novel approach for the conversion of rice straw into mycostraw (organic manure) and its enrichment with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is also proposed.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Pseudomonas-enriched mycostraw contained three times as much nitrogen and sulfur as rice straw.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0
- Outcome
- amount of nitrogen and sulfure0
- Value
- thricee0
- Comparator
- rice strawe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Enriched mycostraw had thrice the amount of nitrogen and sulfur, twice the amount of phosphorus and 1.3–1.9 times potash and micronutrients (Zn, Fe, Mn) than rice straw and showed a 17.3 C:N ratio.”
Claim · model-written summary
Enriched mycostraw contained twice as much phosphorus as rice straw.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0
- Outcome
- amount of phosphoruse0
- Value
- twicee0
- Comparator
- rice strawe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Enriched mycostraw had thrice the amount of nitrogen and sulfur, twice the amount of phosphorus and 1.3–1.9 times potash and micronutrients (Zn, Fe, Mn) than rice straw and showed a 17.3 C:N ratio.”
Claim · model-written summary
Enriched mycostraw contained 1.3–1.9 times the potash and micronutrients of rice straw.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0
- Outcome
- potash and micronutrients (Zn, Fe, Mn)e0
- Value
- 1.3–1.9 timese0
- Comparator
- rice strawe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Enriched mycostraw had thrice the amount of nitrogen and sulfur, twice the amount of phosphorus and 1.3–1.9 times potash and micronutrients (Zn, Fe, Mn) than rice straw and showed a 17.3 C:N ratio.”
Claim · model-written summary
Enriched mycostraw had a C:N ratio of 17.3.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0
- Outcome
- C:N ratioe0
- Value
- 17.3e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice straw and showed a 17.3 C:N ratio”
Claim · model-written summary
Four years of bionutrient package application increased fertilizer use efficiency by 5–10%.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0
- Treatment
- bionutrient package application for four consecutive yearse1
- Outcome
- fertilizer use efficiencye1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 5–10%e1
- Comparator
- the initial valuee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice has been developed”
e1“Such bionutrient package application for four consecutive years resulted in an increase in fertilizer use efficiency (5–10%), ARA activity, Azospirillum preponderance, and soil nutrients like total nitrogen (4–5%), total phosphorus (0.7–1%), organic carbon (14–16%) compared to the initial value.”
Claim · model-written summary
The package increased ARA activity and Azospirillum preponderance relative to initial values.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0
- Treatment
- bionutrient package application for four consecutive yearse1
- Interactor
- Azospirillum
Azospirillume1symbiont - Outcome
- ARA activity, Azospirillum preponderancee1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Comparator
- the initial valuee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“rice has been developed”
e1“Such bionutrient package application for four consecutive years resulted in an increase in fertilizer use efficiency (5–10%), ARA activity, Azospirillum preponderance, and soil nutrients like total nitrogen (4–5%), total phosphorus (0.7–1%), organic carbon (14–16%) compared to the initial value.”
Claim · model-written summary
The package increased soil total nitrogen by 4–5% compared with the initial value.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0
- Treatment
- bionutrient package application for four consecutive yearse1
- Outcome
- soil nutrients like total nitrogene1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 4–5%e1
- Comparator
- the initial valuee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice has been developed”
e1“Such bionutrient package application for four consecutive years resulted in an increase in fertilizer use efficiency (5–10%), ARA activity, Azospirillum preponderance, and soil nutrients like total nitrogen (4–5%), total phosphorus (0.7–1%), organic carbon (14–16%) compared to the initial value.”
Claim · model-written summary
The package increased soil total phosphorus by 0.7–1% compared with the initial value.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0
- Treatment
- bionutrient package application for four consecutive yearse1
- Outcome
- total phosphoruse1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 0.7–1%e1
- Comparator
- the initial valuee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice has been developed”
e1“Such bionutrient package application for four consecutive years resulted in an increase in fertilizer use efficiency (5–10%), ARA activity, Azospirillum preponderance, and soil nutrients like total nitrogen (4–5%), total phosphorus (0.7–1%), organic carbon (14–16%) compared to the initial value.”
Claim · model-written summary
The package increased soil organic carbon by 14–16% compared with the initial value.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0
- Treatment
- bionutrient package application for four consecutive yearse1
- Outcome
- organic carbone1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 14–16%e1
- Comparator
- the initial valuee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice has been developed”
e1“Such bionutrient package application for four consecutive years resulted in an increase in fertilizer use efficiency (5–10%), ARA activity, Azospirillum preponderance, and soil nutrients like total nitrogen (4–5%), total phosphorus (0.7–1%), organic carbon (14–16%) compared to the initial value.”
Claim · model-written summary
The package augmented rice grain yield by 17%.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0
- Treatment
- bionutrient packagee2
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- augmentatione1
- Value
- 17%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice has been developed”
e1“Improvement in all the above parameters was reflected in augmentation of grain yield (17%) and straw yield (14.1%).”
e2“bionutrient package application for four consecutive years”
Claim · model-written summary
The package augmented rice straw yield by 14.1%.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0
- Treatment
- bionutrient packagee2
- Outcome
- straw yielde1
- Direction
- augmentatione1
- Value
- 14.1%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice has been developed”
e1“Improvement in all the above parameters was reflected in augmentation of grain yield (17%) and straw yield (14.1%).”
e2“bionutrient package application for four consecutive years”
Claim · model-written summary
At farmers’ sites, the package increased rice grain yield by 6–20% for resource rich farmers over conventional practice.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0
- Treatment
- bionutreint packagee0
- Outcome
- rice grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 6–20%e0
- Qualifier
- resource riche0
- Comparator
- the farmers’ conventional practicee0
- Setting
- farmers’ sitese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The bionutreint package, when tested at farmers’ sites, showed an increase of 6–20% and 10–35% rice grain yield in resource rich and resource poor farmers, respectively, over the farmers’ conventional practice.”
Claim · model-written summary
At farmers’ sites, the package increased rice grain yield by 10–35% for resource poor farmers over conventional practice.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0
- Treatment
- bionutreint packagee0
- Outcome
- rice grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 10–35%e0
- Qualifier
- resource poore0
- Comparator
- the farmers’ conventional practicee0
- Setting
- farmers’ sitese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The bionutreint package, when tested at farmers’ sites, showed an increase of 6–20% and 10–35% rice grain yield in resource rich and resource poor farmers, respectively, over the farmers’ conventional practice.”
Claim · model-written summary
Varietal differences did not influence the benefit from the bionutrient package.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0
- Outcome
- benefit derived from the bionutrient packagee1
- Direction
- did not have any influencee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice has been developed”
e1“Varietal difference did not have any influence on benefit derived from the bionutrient package.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose conversion of rice straw into mycostraw and enrichment with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0
- Interactor
- plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR)e0symbiont
- Outcome
- conversion of rice straw into mycostraw (organic manure) and its enrichment with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A novel approach for the conversion of rice straw into mycostraw (organic manure) and its enrichment with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is also proposed.”
The same questions in other papers
storage · soil: chemistry · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →storage · nutrient: content · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →storage · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
40 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
40 papers more in this group
See all 44 papers →storage · nutrient: efficiency · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.