Abstract
Summary Myriophyllum aquaticum is an aquatic plant of still or slow flowing waters. The species mostly occurs in its emerged growth form in dense stands, but submerged shoots can also be found. Due to its rapid growth, M. aquaticum is considered one of the most important aquatic weeds worldwide. In southern Europe, M. aquaticum occurs in irrigation and drainage systems, rice fields and lowland wetlands. In this study, root development and growth response of M. aquaticum to different water levels and nutrient availabilities were investigated in a rhizotron experiment under Central European climatic conditions. The species shows an ability to respond to drained soil conditions by a rapid root growth (up to >1 cm day −1 ), resulting in a deep root system under drained conditions. In waterlogged soil, the root system spreads more horizontally. Root density increased with increasing nutrient availability. Root:shoot ratio increased significantly with decreasing nutrient availability. In addition, total shoot length, shoot biomass, root biomass and total biomass differed significantly between different water levels and different nutrient availabilities. Relative growth rate increased with increasing water level and nutrient availability. Shoot porosity was higher in nutrient rich substrate than in nutrient low substrate. Root porosity increased with increasing water level. In conclusion, M. aquaticum shows a high tolerance to different water levels, which may be important for future habitat conditions in waterbodies and wetlands in Central Europe under the impact of global change with increased water level fluctuations.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Drained soil induced rapid root growth up to >1 cm day −1 and a deep root system.
- Taxon
- Myriophyllum aquaticum
.jpg?width=60)
Myriophyllum aquaticumt0 - Treatment
- drained soil conditionse0
- Outcome
- root growthe0
- Direction
- rapide0
- Value
- >1 cm day −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The species shows an ability to respond to drained soil conditions by a rapid root growth (up to >1 cm day −1 ), resulting in a deep root system under drained conditions.”
t0“Myriophyllum aquaticum”
Claim · model-written summary
In waterlogged soil the root system spread more horizontally.
- Taxon
- Myriophyllum aquaticumMyriophyllum aquaticumt0
- Treatment
- waterlogged soile0
- Outcome
- root systeme0
- Direction
- more horizontallye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In waterlogged soil, the root system spreads more horizontally.”
t0“Myriophyllum aquaticum”
Claim · model-written summary
Root density increased with nutrient availability.
- Taxon
- Myriophyllum aquaticumMyriophyllum aquaticumt0
- Treatment
- nutrient availabilitye0
- Outcome
- Root densitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root density increased with increasing nutrient availability.”
t0“Myriophyllum aquaticum”
Claim · model-written summary
Root to shoot ratio increased significantly as nutrient availability decreased.
- Taxon
- Myriophyllum aquaticumMyriophyllum aquaticumt0
- Treatment
- nutrient availabilitye0
- Outcome
- Root:shoot ratioe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root:shoot ratio increased significantly with decreasing nutrient availability.”
t0“Myriophyllum aquaticum”
Claim · model-written summary
Total shoot length and shoot, root and total biomass differed significantly among water levels and nutrient availabilities.
- Taxon
- Myriophyllum aquaticumMyriophyllum aquaticumt0
- Treatment
- different water levels and different nutrient availabilitiese0
- Outcome
- total shoot length, shoot biomass, root biomass and total biomasse0
- Direction
- differede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In addition, total shoot length, shoot biomass, root biomass and total biomass differed significantly between different water levels and different nutrient availabilities.”
t0“Myriophyllum aquaticum”
Claim · model-written summary
Relative growth rate increased with water level and nutrient availability.
- Taxon
- Myriophyllum aquaticumMyriophyllum aquaticumt0
- Treatment
- water level and nutrient availabilitye0
- Outcome
- Relative growth ratee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Relative growth rate increased with increasing water level and nutrient availability.”
t0“Myriophyllum aquaticum”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot porosity was higher in nutrient rich than nutrient low substrate.
- Taxon
- Myriophyllum aquaticumMyriophyllum aquaticumt0
- Treatment
- nutrient rich substratee0
- Outcome
- Shoot porositye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- nutrient low substratee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shoot porosity was higher in nutrient rich substrate than in nutrient low substrate.”
t0“Myriophyllum aquaticum”
Claim · model-written summary
Root porosity increased with water level.
- Taxon
- Myriophyllum aquaticumMyriophyllum aquaticumt0
- Treatment
- water levele0
- Outcome
- Root porositye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root porosity increased with increasing water level.”
t0“Myriophyllum aquaticum”
Claim · model-written summary
The species tolerated differing water levels.
- Taxon
- M. aquaticumMyriophyllum aquaticume0
- Outcome
- high tolerance to different water levelse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“M. aquaticum shows a high tolerance to different water levels”