Abstract
I summarize my results and conclusions as follows: I.-In the corn, wheat and oat, at the time of fertilization, the single ovule is furnished with two integuments, which are more or less complete. As development proceeds (1) the outer integument soon disappears; (2) the inner cells of the ovary wall are absorbed in varying proportions; (3) the tissue of the nucellus is absorbed, with local exceptions. II.-At maturity, these remain as seed coverings: (1) the external portion of the ovary wall, in varying proportion, forming the pericarp; (2) the inner integument persisting in a state of compression. The epidermis of the nucellus also persists, though much compressed. III.-Late in the development of the fruit, the remaining (inner) integument becomes soldered to the adjacent inner cells of the pericarp forming the fruit correctly described by Mirbel under the name of "cerium," and rechristened by Richard the "caryopsis." This investigation was pursued in the botanical laboratory of the University of Wisconsin, under the direction of Prof. Charles R. Barnes. For his kind suggestions and help I wish to express my sincere gratitude.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
At fertilization, the single ovule of corn, wheat and oat is furnished with two integuments.
- Taxon
- corn, wheat and oat
Triticum aestivum
Avena sativa
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Organ / stage
- single ovulee0
- Outcome
- furnished with two integumentse0
- Qualifier
- at the time of fertilizatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the corn, wheat and oat, at the time of fertilization, the single ovule is furnished with two integuments, which are more or less complete”
Claim · model-written summary
As development proceeds, the outer integument of corn, wheat and oat soon disappears.
- Taxon
- corn, wheat and oatTriticum aestivumAvena sativaZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Organ / stage
- outer integumente1
- Outcome
- outer integument soon disappearse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the corn, wheat and oat, at the time of fertilization, the single ovule is furnished with two integuments, which are more or less complete”
e1“As development proceeds (1) the outer integument soon disappears”
Claim · model-written summary
As development proceeds, the inner cells of the ovary wall of corn, wheat and oat are absorbed in varying proportions.
- Taxon
- corn, wheat and oatTriticum aestivumAvena sativaZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Organ / stage
- ovary walle2
- Outcome
- inner cells of the ovary wall are absorbede2
- Qualifier
- in varying proportionse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the corn, wheat and oat, at the time of fertilization, the single ovule is furnished with two integuments, which are more or less complete”
e2“(2) the inner cells of the ovary wall are absorbed in varying proportions”
Claim · model-written summary
As development proceeds, the nucellus tissue of corn, wheat and oat is absorbed, with local exceptions.
- Taxon
- corn, wheat and oatTriticum aestivumAvena sativaZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Organ / stage
- nucelluse3
- Outcome
- the tissue of the nucellus is absorbede3
- Qualifier
- with local exceptionse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the corn, wheat and oat, at the time of fertilization, the single ovule is furnished with two integuments, which are more or less complete”
e3“(3) the tissue of the nucellus is absorbed, with local exceptions”
Claim · model-written summary
At maturity, the external portion of the ovary wall forms the pericarp of corn, wheat and oat.
- Taxon
- corn, wheat and oatTriticum aestivumAvena sativaZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Organ / stage
- external portion of the ovary walle4
- Outcome
- forming the pericarpe4
- Qualifier
- At maturitye4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the corn, wheat and oat, at the time of fertilization, the single ovule is furnished with two integuments, which are more or less complete”
e4“II.-At maturity, these remain as seed coverings: (1) the external portion of the ovary wall, in varying proportion, forming the pericarp”
Claim · model-written summary
At maturity, the inner integument of corn, wheat and oat persists in a state of compression.
- Taxon
- corn, wheat and oatTriticum aestivumAvena sativaZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Organ / stage
- inner integumente5
- Outcome
- inner integument persistinge5
- Qualifier
- in a state of compressione5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the corn, wheat and oat, at the time of fertilization, the single ovule is furnished with two integuments, which are more or less complete”
e5“(2) the inner integument persisting in a state of compression”
Claim · model-written summary
The epidermis of the nucellus of corn, wheat and oat also persists at maturity, though much compressed.
- Taxon
- corn, wheat and oatTriticum aestivumAvena sativaZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Organ / stage
- epidermis of the nucelluse6
- Outcome
- epidermis of the nucellus also persistse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the corn, wheat and oat, at the time of fertilization, the single ovule is furnished with two integuments, which are more or less complete”
e6“The epidermis of the nucellus also persists, though much compressed”
Claim · model-written summary
Late in fruit development, the inner integument of corn, wheat and oat becomes soldered to the adjacent inner cells of the pericarp.
- Taxon
- corn, wheat and oatTriticum aestivumAvena sativaZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Organ / stage
- inner cells of the pericarpe7
- Outcome
- becomes soldered to the adjacent inner cells of the pericarpe7
- Qualifier
- Late in the development of the fruite7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the corn, wheat and oat, at the time of fertilization, the single ovule is furnished with two integuments, which are more or less complete”
e7“Late in the development of the fruit, the remaining (inner) integument becomes soldered to the adjacent inner cells of the pericarp forming the fruit”