Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cyclopropane fatty acids (CPA) have been found in certain gymnosperms, Malvales, Litchi and other Sapindales. The presence of their unique strained ring structures confers physical and chemical properties characteristic of unsaturated fatty acids with the oxidative stability displayed by saturated fatty acids making them of considerable industrial interest. While cyclopropenoid fatty acids (CPE) are well-known inhibitors of fatty acid desaturation in animals, CPE can also inhibit the stearoyl-CoA desaturase and interfere with the maturation and reproduction of some insect species suggesting that in addition to their traditional role as storage lipids, CPE can contribute to the protection of plants from herbivory. RESULTS: Three genes encoding cyclopropane synthase homologues GhCPS1, GhCPS2 and GhCPS3 were identified in cotton. Determination of gene transcript abundance revealed differences among the expression of GhCPS1, 2 and 3 showing high, intermediate and low levels, respectively, of transcripts in roots and stems; whereas GhCPS1 and 2 are both expressed at low levels in seeds. Analyses of fatty acid composition in different tissues indicate that the expression patterns of GhCPS1 and 2 correlate with cyclic fatty acid (CFA) distribution. Deletion of the N-terminal oxidase domain lowered GhCPS's ability to produce cyclopropane fatty acid by approximately 70%. GhCPS1 and 2, but not 3 resulted in the production of cyclopropane fatty acids upon heterologous expression in yeast, tobacco BY2 cell and Arabidopsis seed. CONCLUSIONS: In cotton GhCPS1 and 2 gene expression correlates with the total CFA content in roots, stems and seeds. That GhCPS1 and 2 are expressed at a similar level in seed suggests both of them can be considered potential targets for gene silencing to reduce undesirable seed CPE accumulation. Because GhCPS1 is more active in yeast than the published Sterculia CPS and shows similar activity when expressed in model plant systems, it represents a strong candidate gene for CFA accumulation via heterologous expression in production plants.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Three cotton cyclopropane synthase homologues were identified.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutume0 - Gene
- GhCPS1, GhCPS2 and GhCPS3e0
- Outcome
- genes encoding cyclopropane synthase homologuese0
- Value
- Three genese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three genes encoding cyclopropane synthase homologues GhCPS1, GhCPS2 and GhCPS3 were identified in cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
GhCPS1 had high transcript abundance in roots and stems.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Organ / stage
- roots and stemse0
- Gene
- GhCPS1e0
- Outcome
- transcriptse0
- Direction
- highe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GhCPS1, 2 and 3 showing high, intermediate and low levels, respectively, of transcripts in roots and stems”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
GhCPS2 had intermediate transcript abundance in roots and stems.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Organ / stage
- roots and stemse0
- Gene
- GhCPS1, 2 and 3e0
- Outcome
- transcriptse0
- Direction
- intermediatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GhCPS1, 2 and 3 showing high, intermediate and low levels, respectively, of transcripts in roots and stems”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
GhCPS3 had low transcript abundance in roots and stems.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Organ / stage
- roots and stemse0
- Gene
- GhCPS1, 2 and 3e0
- Outcome
- transcriptse0
- Direction
- lowe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GhCPS1, 2 and 3 showing high, intermediate and low levels, respectively, of transcripts in roots and stems”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
GhCPS1 and GhCPS2 had low expression in seeds.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Organ / stage
- seedse0
- Gene
- GhCPS1 and 2e0
- Outcome
- expressede0
- Direction
- low levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GhCPS1 and 2 are both expressed at low levels in seeds”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
GhCPS1 and GhCPS2 expression patterns correlated with cyclic fatty acid distribution.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Gene
- GhCPS1 and 2e0
- Outcome
- cyclic fatty acid (CFA) distributione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the expression patterns of GhCPS1 and 2 correlate with cyclic fatty acid (CFA) distribution”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Deleting the N-terminal oxidase domain lowered cyclopropane fatty acid production ability by about 70%.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Deletion of the N-terminal oxidase domaine0
- Gene
- GhCPSe0
- Outcome
- ability to produce cyclopropane fatty acide0
- Direction
- lowerede0
- Value
- approximately 70%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Deletion of the N-terminal oxidase domain lowered GhCPS's ability to produce cyclopropane fatty acid by approximately 70%”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
GhCPS1 and GhCPS2 produced cyclopropane fatty acids on heterologous expression in yeast, tobacco BY2 cells and Arabidopsis seed.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- heterologous expressione0
- Gene
- GhCPS1 and 2e0
- Outcome
- production of cyclopropane fatty acidse0
- Comparator
- 3e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GhCPS1 and 2, but not 3 resulted in the production of cyclopropane fatty acids upon heterologous expression in yeast, tobacco BY2 cell and Arabidopsis seed”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
GhCPS3 did not produce cyclopropane fatty acids upon heterologous expression.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- heterologous expressione0
- Gene
- 3e0
- Outcome
- production of cyclopropane fatty acidse0
- Comparator
- GhCPS1 and 2e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GhCPS1 and 2, but not 3 resulted in the production of cyclopropane fatty acids upon heterologous expression in yeast, tobacco BY2 cell and Arabidopsis seed”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
GhCPS1 and GhCPS2 seed expression makes them potential silencing targets to reduce undesirable seed CPE accumulation.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Organ / stage
- seede0
- Gene
- GhCPS1 and 2e0
- Outcome
- potential targets for gene silencing to reduce undesirable seed CPE accumulatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GhCPS1 and 2 are expressed at a similar level in seed suggests both of them can be considered potential targets for gene silencing to reduce undesirable seed CPE accumulation”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
GhCPS1 was more active in yeast than Sterculia CPS.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Gene
- GhCPS1e0
- Outcome
- active in yeaste0
- Direction
- more activee0
- Comparator
- Sterculia CPSe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GhCPS1 is more active in yeast than the published Sterculia CPS”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
GhCPS1 is proposed as a candidate for CFA accumulation by heterologous expression in production plants.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- heterologous expressione0
- Outcome
- strong candidate gene for CFA accumulatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it represents a strong candidate gene for CFA accumulation via heterologous expression in production plants”
t0“cotton”
The same questions in other papers
loss of function · quality: oil · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.