Abstract
Rice germinates equally well when incubated in air and in nitrogen. It was therefore chosen for a comparative study of the effect of oxygen status in a single organism upon the activity of conventional metabolic poisons. Inhibitor activity was based upon the concentration required for 50% inhibition of germination. The inhibitors were: AgNO(3), HgCl(2), phenylmercuric acetate, iodoacetamide, KCN, NaN(3), NaF, fluoroacetate, 2,4-dinitrophenol, Na(2)HAsO(4) and CO. Only 5 inhibitors out of 11 differed significantly in their effects on aerobic and anaerobic germination. These included phenylmercuric acetate (N(2)), sodium fluoroacetate (air), NaN(3) (air), and 2,4-dinitrophenol (N(2)). CO activity was manifest only in air and it was photo-reversible. The effects of CO, NaN(3), and fluoroacetate were consistent with their conventional role in aerobic metabolism. The failure of KCN to discriminate was attributed to its relative non-specificity. 2,4-Dinitrophenol behaved anomalously, requiring a 20-fold lower concentration for inhibition under nitrogen than under air. Among sulfhydryl poisons, only phenylmercuric acetate differentiated between germination in air and nitrogen and was nearly 8 times more active under nitrogen. Uptake measurements using phenylmercuric acetate and arsenate showed both compounds to be in greater concentration under aerobic conditions, thereby rendering unlikely any explanation based upon greater permeability under nitrogen. In addition to other anomalies, the fact that NaN(3), fluoroacetate and CO inhibited anaerobic germination at any concentration requires explanation. It was concluded that the general significance and utility of metabolic inhibitor studies in vivo required further evaluation.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Rice germinated equally well in air and nitrogen.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativae0 - Outcome
- germinates equally welle0
- Direction
- equally welle0
- Comparator
- air and in nitrogene0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice germinates equally well when incubated in air and in nitrogen.”
Claim · model-written summary
Five of eleven inhibitors differed significantly by oxygen condition.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- effects on aerobic and anaerobic germinatione0
- Direction
- differede0
- Value
- 5 inhibitors out of 11e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Only 5 inhibitors out of 11 differed significantly in their effects on aerobic and anaerobic germination.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Phenylmercuric acetate was more inhibitory under nitrogen.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- phenylmercuric acetatee1
- Outcome
- germination in air and nitrogene1
- Direction
- more active under nitrogene1
- Value
- nearly 8 timese1
- Comparator
- aire1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“phenylmercuric acetate (N(2))”
e1“phenylmercuric acetate differentiated between germination in air and nitrogen and was nearly 8 times more active under nitrogen”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Sodium fluoroacetate was more active in air.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- sodium fluoroacetatee0
- Outcome
- germinatione1
- Comparator
- anaerobic germinatione1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sodium fluoroacetate (air)”
e1“Only 5 inhibitors out of 11 differed significantly in their effects on aerobic and anaerobic germination.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
NaN(3) was more active in air.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- NaN(3)e0
- Outcome
- germinatione1
- Comparator
- anaerobic germinatione1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NaN(3) (air)”
e1“Only 5 inhibitors out of 11 differed significantly in their effects on aerobic and anaerobic germination.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Dinitrophenol required a 20-fold lower concentration for inhibition under nitrogen.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 2,4-Dinitrophenole0
- Outcome
- concentration for inhibitione0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 20-folde0
- Comparator
- aire0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“2,4-Dinitrophenol behaved anomalously, requiring a 20-fold lower concentration for inhibition under nitrogen than under air.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
CO inhibited germination only in air and its effect was reversible by light.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- COe0
- Outcome
- CO activity was manifest only in air and it was photo-reversiblee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CO activity was manifest only in air and it was photo-reversible.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
KCN did not discriminate between aerobic and anaerobic germination.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- KCNe0
- Outcome
- failure of KCN to discriminatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The failure of KCN to discriminate was attributed to its relative non-specificity.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Phenylmercuric acetate and arsenate accumulated more under aerobic conditions.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- greater concentration under aerobic conditionse0
- Direction
- greatere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Uptake measurements using phenylmercuric acetate and arsenate showed both compounds to be in greater concentration under aerobic conditions”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
NaN(3), fluoroacetate, and CO also inhibited anaerobic germination.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- inhibited anaerobic germinatione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NaN(3), fluoroacetate and CO inhibited anaerobic germination at any concentration”
t0“Rice”
The same questions in other papers
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- positive
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See all 10 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.