Abstract
AIMS: To investigate low molecular weight compounds produced in vitro by Lysobacter capsici AZ78 and their toxic activity against sporangia of plant pathogenic oomycetes. METHODS AND RESULTS: Assays carried out in vitro showed that L. capsici AZ78 drastically inhibits the growth of plant pathogenic oomycetes. Accordingly, the preventive application of culture filtrates of L. capsici AZ78 on grapevine and tomato plants reduced the infections, respectively, caused by Plasmopara (Pl.) viticola and Phytophthora infestans. The subsequent chemical analysis of the culture filtrates of L. capsici AZ78 by spectroscopic (essentially 1D and 2D (1)H NMR and (13)C NMR and ESI MS spectra) and optical methods led to the identification of the 2,5-diketopiperazine cyclo(L-Pro-L-Tyr) that inhibited the development of P. infestans sporangia in vitro and on tomato leaves. Furthermore, a genomic region with high sequence identity with genes coding for a hybrid polyketide synthase and nonribosomal peptide synthetase was detected in L. capsici AZ78. CONCLUSIONS: Lysobacter capsici AZ78 produces cyclo(L-Pro-L-Tyr) in vitro that was effective in killing the sporangia of P. infestans and Pl. viticola in vitro. Moreover, this low molecular weight compound prevents the occurrence of late blight lesions when applied on tomato leaves. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The application of L. capsici AZ78 cells or its own culture filtrates effectively controls both P. infestans and Pl. viticola. Cyclo(L-Pro-L-Tyr) produced by L. capsici AZ78 is toxic against sporangia of both these oomycetes. These data enforce the potential in the use of Lysobacter members for the control of plant pathogenic oomycetes and provide the basis for the development of new low-impact fungicides based on cyclo(L-Pro-L-Tyr).
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
L. capsici AZ78 culture filtrates reduced Plasmopara viticola infection of grapevine.
- Treatment
- culture filtrates of L. capsici AZ78e0
- Interactor
- Plasmopara (Pl.) viticola
Plasmopara viticolae0pathogen - Second interactor
- L. capsici AZ78Lysobacter capsicie0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- infectionse0
- Direction
- reducede0
VitisNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the preventive application of culture filtrates of L. capsici AZ78 on grapevine and tomato plants reduced the infections, respectively, caused by Plasmopara (Pl.) viticola and Phytophthora infestans”
Claim · model-written summary
L. capsici AZ78 culture filtrates reduced Phytophthora infestans infection of tomato.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- culture filtrates of L. capsici AZ78e0
- Interactor
- Phytophthora infestans
Phytophthora infestanse0pathogen - Second interactor
- L. capsici AZ78Lysobacter capsicie0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- infectionse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the preventive application of culture filtrates of L. capsici AZ78 on grapevine and tomato plants reduced the infections, respectively, caused by Plasmopara (Pl.) viticola and Phytophthora infestans”
Claim · model-written summary
Cyclo(L-Pro-L-Tyr) inhibited P. infestans sporangial development on tomato leaves.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Organ / stage
- tomato leavese0
- Treatment
- cyclo(L-Pro-L-Tyr)e0
- Interactor
- P. infestansPhytophthora infestanse0pathogen
- Outcome
- development of P. infestans sporangiae0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cyclo(L-Pro-L-Tyr) that inhibited the development of P. infestans sporangia in vitro and on tomato leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
L. capsici AZ78 produced cyclo(L-Pro-L-Tyr) in vitro.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume3
- Interactor
- Lysobacter capsici AZ78Lysobacter capsici AZ78e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- cyclo(L-Pro-L-Tyr)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lysobacter capsici AZ78 produces cyclo(L-Pro-L-Tyr) in vitro”
e3“the preventive application of culture filtrates of L. capsici AZ78 on grapevine and tomato plants reduced the infections, respectively, caused by Plasmopara (Pl.) viticola and Phytophthora infestans”
Claim · model-written summary
Cyclo(L-Pro-L-Tyr) killed sporangia of P. infestans in vitro.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- cyclo(L-Pro-L-Tyr)e2
- Interactor
- P. infestansPhytophthora infestanse0pathogen
- Outcome
- sporangia of P. infestanse0
- Direction
- killinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“effective in killing the sporangia of P. infestans and Pl. viticola in vitro”
e1“grapevine and tomato plants”
e2“Cyclo(L-Pro-L-Tyr)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cyclo(L-Pro-L-Tyr) killed sporangia of Pl. viticola in vitro.
- Treatment
- cyclo(L-Pro-L-Tyr)e2
- Interactor
- Pl. viticolae0pathogen
- Outcome
- sporangia of P. infestans and Pl. viticolae0
- Direction
- killinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“effective in killing the sporangia of P. infestans and Pl. viticola in vitro”
e1“grapevine and tomato plants”
e2“Cyclo(L-Pro-L-Tyr)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cyclo(L-Pro-L-Tyr) prevented late blight lesions on tomato leaves.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Organ / stage
- tomato leavese0
- Treatment
- this low molecular weight compounde0
- Outcome
- late blight lesionse0
- Direction
- preventse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this low molecular weight compound prevents the occurrence of late blight lesions when applied on tomato leaves”
The same questions in other papers
Lysobacter capsici · Phytophthora infestans · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Lysobacter capsici · Plasmopara viticola · VitisResults agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
pathogen product · Plasmopara viticola · VitisPositive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
pathogen product · Phytophthora infestans · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.