Abstract
RNA silencing provides protection against RNA viruses by targeting both the helper virus and its satellite RNA (satRNA). Virus-derived small interfering RNAs (vsiRNAs) bound with Argonaute (AGO) proteins are presumed participants in the silencing process. Here, we show that a vsiRNA targeted to virus RNAs triggers the host RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 6 (RDR6)-mediated degradation of viral RNAs. We confirmed that satRNA-derived small interfering RNAs (satsiRNAs) could be associated with different AGO proteins in planta. The most frequently cloned satsiRNA, satsiR-12, was predicted to imperfectly match to Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) RNAs in the upstream area of the 3' untranslated region (3' UTR). Moreover, an artificial satsiR-12 (asatsiR-12) mediated cleavage of a green fluorescent protein (GFP) sensor construct harboring the satsiR-12 target site. asatsiR-12 also mediated reduction of viral RNAs in 2b-deficient CMV (CMVΔ2b)-infected Nicotiana benthamiana. The reduction was not observed in CMVΔ2b-infected RDR6i plants, in which RDR6 was silenced. Following infection with 2b-containing CMV, the reduction in viral RNAs was not observed in plants of either genotype, indicating that the asatsiR-12-mediated reduction of viral RNAs in the presence of RDR6 was inhibited by the 2b protein. Our results suggest that satsiR-12 targeting the 3' UTR of CMV RNAs triggered RDR6-dependent antiviral silencing. Competition experiments with wild-type CMV RNAs and anti-satsiR-12 mutant RNA1 in the presence of 2b and satRNA demonstrate the inhibitory effect of the 2b protein on the satsiR-12-related degradation of CMV RNAs, revealing a substantial suppressor function of the 2b protein in native CMV infection. Our data provide evidence for the important biological functions of satsiRNAs in homeostatic interactions among the host, virus, and satRNA in the final outcome of viral infection.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Satellite RNA-derived small interfering RNAs associated with different AGO proteins in planta.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamianae1 - Interactor
- CMV
cucumber mosaic cucumoviruse1pathogene0 - Gene
- AGO proteinse0
- Outcome
- satsiRNAs) could be associated with different AGO proteinse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“satRNA-derived small interfering RNAs (satsiRNAs) could be associated with different AGO proteins in planta”
e1“CMVΔ2b)-infected Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
satsiR-12 was predicted to imperfectly match CMV RNAs near the 3′ UTR.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Interactor
- Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV)cucumber mosaic cucumoviruse0pathogen
- Gene
- satsiR-12e0
- Outcome
- imperfectly match to Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) RNAse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“satsiR-12, was predicted to imperfectly match to Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) RNAs in the upstream area of the 3' untranslated region (3' UTR)”
e1“CMVΔ2b)-infected Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
Artificial satsiR-12 cleaved the GFP sensor construct with the target site.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Treatment
- an artificial satsiR-12 (asatsiR-12)e0
- Gene
- satsiR-12e0
- Outcome
- cleavage of a green fluorescent protein (GFP) sensor constructe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an artificial satsiR-12 (asatsiR-12) mediated cleavage of a green fluorescent protein (GFP) sensor construct harboring the satsiR-12 target site”
e1“CMVΔ2b)-infected Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
Artificial satsiR-12 reduced viral RNAs in CMVΔ2b-infected N. benthamiana.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Treatment
- asatsiR-12e0
- Interactor
- CMVcucumber mosaic cucumoviruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- viral RNAse0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“asatsiR-12 also mediated reduction of viral RNAs in 2b-deficient CMV (CMVΔ2b)-infected Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
The viral-RNA reduction did not occur in RDR6-silenced plants.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Treatment
- RDR6 was silencede0
- Interactor
- CMVΔ2be0pathogen
- Gene
- RDR6e0
- Outcome
- reductione0
- Direction
- not observede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The reduction was not observed in CMVΔ2b-infected RDR6i plants, in which RDR6 was silenced”
e1“CMVΔ2b)-infected Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
With 2b-containing CMV, neither genotype showed viral-RNA reduction.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Treatment
- infection with 2b-containing CMVe0
- Interactor
- CMVcucumber mosaic cucumoviruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- viral RNAse0
- Direction
- not observede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Following infection with 2b-containing CMV, the reduction in viral RNAs was not observed in plants of either genotype”
e1“CMVΔ2b)-infected Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
Competition experiments showed the 2b protein inhibited satsiR-12-related CMV RNA degradation.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Interactor
- CMVcucumber mosaic cucumoviruse0pathogen
- Gene
- 2b proteine0
- Outcome
- satsiR-12-related degradation of CMV RNAse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Competition experiments with wild-type CMV RNAs and anti-satsiR-12 mutant RNA1 in the presence of 2b and satRNA demonstrate the inhibitory effect of the 2b protein on the satsiR-12-related degradation of CMV RNAs”
e1“CMVΔ2b)-infected Nicotiana benthamiana”
The same questions in other papers
Cucumis sativus · cucumber mosaic cucumovirus · Nicotiana benthamianaResults agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- no effect
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →infection · cucumber mosaic cucumovirus · Nicotiana benthamianaResults agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.