Abstract
Abstract Considerable within‐field variation in the N content and appearance of sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) leaf canopies is found often at root harvest. Since this heterogeneity can affect subsequent soil N mineralization, a study was initiated to determine if the within‐field variation could be identified and located by aerial photography and a global positioning system (GPS). An aerial color photograph was taken of a commercial sugarbeet field prior to harvest. Three reflectance patterns associated with different degrees of canopy greenness ("green”; [G], “yellow‐green”; [YG] and “yellow”; [Y]) were identified readily. Four areas, each approximately 0.8 ha in size, with these three canopy types were selected. The canopy subsites were located by use of a GPS unit. The G, YG, and Y canopy types contained 277, 138, and 85 kg N ha‐1, respectively, in sugarbeet tops. The corresponding leaf N concentrations were 30.6, 20.1, and 15.8 g kg‐1, respectively. Postharvest soil NO3‐N levels in the upper 120 cm of soil were 57, 14, and 10 kg ha‐1 for the G, YG, and Y canopy sites, respectively. Nitrate‐N in sugarbeet tops returned to the soils was at least partly responsible for the higher soil NO3‐N at the G subsites. In contrast to dry matter yield, recoverable sugar yield was significantly less for roots associated with the G‐canopy type than for roots associated with the YG‐and Y‐canopy sites. Aerial photography and GPS technology can increase precision of soil testing for NO3‐N after a sugarbeet crop, help to identify areas of increased soil N mineralization for a subsequent crop, and decrease subsequent N fertilizer use if a variable rate N‐fertilizer applicator is used.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
The G canopy type contained 277 kg N per hectare in sugarbeet tops.
- Taxon
- sugarbeet
Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0 - Material
- Ge1
- Organ / stage
- sugarbeet topse1
- Outcome
- N contente0
- Value
- 277e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Considerable within‐field variation in the N content and appearance of sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) leaf canopies is found often at root harvest”
e1“The G, YG, and Y canopy types contained 277, 138, and 85 kg N ha‐1, respectively, in sugarbeet tops”
Claim · model-written summary
The YG canopy type contained 138 kg N per hectare in sugarbeet tops.
- Taxon
- sugarbeetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Material
- YGe1
- Organ / stage
- sugarbeet topse1
- Outcome
- N contente0
- Value
- 138e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Considerable within‐field variation in the N content and appearance of sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) leaf canopies is found often at root harvest”
e1“The G, YG, and Y canopy types contained 277, 138, and 85 kg N ha‐1, respectively, in sugarbeet tops”
Claim · model-written summary
The Y canopy type contained 85 kg N per hectare in sugarbeet tops.
- Taxon
- sugarbeetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Material
- Ye1
- Organ / stage
- sugarbeet topse1
- Outcome
- N contente0
- Value
- 85e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Considerable within‐field variation in the N content and appearance of sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) leaf canopies is found often at root harvest”
e1“The G, YG, and Y canopy types contained 277, 138, and 85 kg N ha‐1, respectively, in sugarbeet tops”
Claim · model-written summary
The G canopy type had leaf N concentration of 30.6 g per kg.
- Taxon
- sugarbeetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Material
- Ge1
- Organ / stage
- leafe2
- Outcome
- leaf N concentrationse2
- Value
- 30.6e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Considerable within‐field variation in the N content and appearance of sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) leaf canopies is found often at root harvest”
e2“The corresponding leaf N concentrations were 30.6, 20.1, and 15.8 g kg‐1, respectively”
e1“The G, YG, and Y canopy types contained 277, 138, and 85 kg N ha‐1, respectively, in sugarbeet tops”
Claim · model-written summary
The YG canopy type had leaf N concentration of 20.1 g per kg.
- Taxon
- sugarbeetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Material
- YGe1
- Organ / stage
- leafe2
- Outcome
- leaf N concentrationse2
- Value
- 20.1e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Considerable within‐field variation in the N content and appearance of sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) leaf canopies is found often at root harvest”
e2“The corresponding leaf N concentrations were 30.6, 20.1, and 15.8 g kg‐1, respectively”
e1“The G, YG, and Y canopy types contained 277, 138, and 85 kg N ha‐1, respectively, in sugarbeet tops”
Claim · model-written summary
The Y canopy type had leaf N concentration of 15.8 g per kg.
- Taxon
- sugarbeetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Material
- Ye1
- Organ / stage
- leafe2
- Outcome
- leaf N concentrationse2
- Value
- 15.8e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Considerable within‐field variation in the N content and appearance of sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) leaf canopies is found often at root harvest”
e2“The corresponding leaf N concentrations were 30.6, 20.1, and 15.8 g kg‐1, respectively”
e1“The G, YG, and Y canopy types contained 277, 138, and 85 kg N ha‐1, respectively, in sugarbeet tops”
Claim · model-written summary
Postharvest soil NO3-N in the upper 120 cm was 57 kg per hectare under the G canopy type.
- Taxon
- sugarbeetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Material
- Ge3
- Outcome
- soil NO3‐N levelse3
- Value
- 57e3
- Setting
- upper 120 cm of soile3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Considerable within‐field variation in the N content and appearance of sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) leaf canopies is found often at root harvest”
e3“Postharvest soil NO3‐N levels in the upper 120 cm of soil were 57, 14, and 10 kg ha‐1 for the G, YG, and Y canopy sites, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Postharvest soil NO3-N in the upper 120 cm was 14 kg per hectare under the YG canopy type.
- Taxon
- sugarbeetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Material
- YGe3
- Outcome
- soil NO3‐N levelse3
- Value
- 14e3
- Setting
- upper 120 cm of soile3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Considerable within‐field variation in the N content and appearance of sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) leaf canopies is found often at root harvest”
e3“Postharvest soil NO3‐N levels in the upper 120 cm of soil were 57, 14, and 10 kg ha‐1 for the G, YG, and Y canopy sites, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Postharvest soil NO3-N in the upper 120 cm was 10 kg per hectare under the Y canopy type.
- Taxon
- sugarbeetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Material
- Ye3
- Outcome
- soil NO3‐N levelse3
- Value
- 10e3
- Setting
- upper 120 cm of soile3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Considerable within‐field variation in the N content and appearance of sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) leaf canopies is found often at root harvest”
e3“Postharvest soil NO3‐N levels in the upper 120 cm of soil were 57, 14, and 10 kg ha‐1 for the G, YG, and Y canopy sites, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrate-N returned in sugarbeet tops was at least partly responsible for the higher soil NO3-N under the G canopy type.
- Taxon
- sugarbeetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Compound
- Nitrate‐Ne4
- Outcome
- higher soil NO3‐Ne4
- Qualifier
- at least partly responsiblee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Considerable within‐field variation in the N content and appearance of sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) leaf canopies is found often at root harvest”
e4“Nitrate‐N in sugarbeet tops returned to the soils was at least partly responsible for the higher soil NO3‐N at the G subsites”
Claim · model-written summary
Recoverable sugar yield was significantly lower for the G canopy type than for the YG and Y canopy sites.
- Taxon
- sugarbeetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Material
- G‐canopy typee5
- Outcome
- recoverable sugar yielde5
- Direction
- lesse5
- Comparator
- roots associated with the YG‐and Y‐canopy sitese5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Considerable within‐field variation in the N content and appearance of sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) leaf canopies is found often at root harvest”
e5“recoverable sugar yield was significantly less for roots associated with the G‐canopy type than for roots associated with the YG‐and Y‐canopy sites”
Claim · model-written summary
Aerial photography and GPS technology can increase the precision of soil testing for NO3-N in sugarbeet fields.
- Taxon
- sugarbeetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Outcome
- precision of soil testing for NO3‐Ne6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Considerable within‐field variation in the N content and appearance of sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) leaf canopies is found often at root harvest”
e6“Aerial photography and GPS technology can increase precision of soil testing for NO3‐N”
Claim · model-written summary
Aerial photography and GPS technology can help decrease subsequent N fertilizer use when a variable rate applicator is used.
- Taxon
- sugarbeetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Outcome
- decrease subsequent N fertilizer usee7
- Qualifier
- if a variable rate N‐fertilizer applicator is usede7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Considerable within‐field variation in the N content and appearance of sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) leaf canopies is found often at root harvest”
e7“decrease subsequent N fertilizer use if a variable rate N‐fertilizer applicator is used”