Abstract
Lipochitooligosaccharides (LCO) or Nod factors, which are rhizobia-produced signal molecules, induce deformation of legume root hairs. In addition to triggering legume plant nodulation, Nod factors influence cell division and promote somatic embryo generation in non-legume plants. This suggested to us the potential of using LCO to stimulate the development of tomato flowers and fruit. This study indicated that the foliar application o f LCO to tomato plants during the appropriate stages increased flower numbers and early fruiting in greenhouse trials. Flower stimulation by LCO occurred 1-2 wk after application and fruit numbers increased 2-4 wk after application. The accelerated flowering and fruiting resulted in an increase in tomato fruit yield. The most effective concentration of LCO was 50 ng per plant applied twice in the greenhouse, initially during the early flowering stage and again in the late flowering stage. A field trial in 2002 indicated that the optimal LCO application concentration was 10 ng per plant applied at the early flowering stage, which increased fruit yield and number by up to 29.8 and 29.4%, respectively. When plants received a second LCO application at the early fruiting stage, the fruit yield increased, but most were unmarketable green fruits. Analyses of yield data showed that the yield increase in field-grown tomatoes was due to an increase in the fruit number per plant, but not to individual fruit weight or fruit size. The average weight per fruit due to the treatment was not different from the control. A second field trial, carried out in 2003, showed that a foliar application of LCO at 50 ng per plant produced the best tomato yield. Our studies indicate that an LCO foliar application to tomatoes in the range of 10-50 ng per plant can increase early flowering and fruiting, which results in improved fruit yield. Key words: early flowering, foliar application, fruiting, growth promotion, lipo-chitooligosccharides, tomato yield
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar LCO increased tomato flower numbers in greenhouse trials.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- foliar application o f LCOe0
- Outcome
- flower numberse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Setting
- greenhouse trialse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study indicated that the foliar application o f LCO to tomato plants during the appropriate stages increased flower numbers and early fruiting in greenhouse trials.”
t0“tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar LCO increased early fruiting in greenhouse trials.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- foliar application o f LCOe0
- Outcome
- early fruitinge0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Setting
- greenhouse trialse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study indicated that the foliar application o f LCO to tomato plants during the appropriate stages increased flower numbers and early fruiting in greenhouse trials.”
t0“tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)”
Claim · model-written summary
LCO flower stimulation occurred 1-2 weeks after application.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- LCOe0
- Outcome
- Flower stimulatione0
- Value
- 1-2 wke0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flower stimulation by LCO occurred 1-2 wk after application and fruit numbers increased 2-4 wk after application.”
t0“tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)”
Claim · model-written summary
LCO fruit numbers increased 2-4 weeks after application.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- LCOe0
- Outcome
- fruit numberse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 2-4 wke0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flower stimulation by LCO occurred 1-2 wk after application and fruit numbers increased 2-4 wk after application.”
t0“tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Accelerated flowering and fruiting increased tomato fruit yield.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- flowering and fruitinge0
- Outcome
- tomato fruit yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The accelerated flowering and fruiting resulted in an increase in tomato fruit yield.”
t0“tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Two greenhouse applications of 50 ng LCO per plant were most effective.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 50 ng per plant applied twicee0
- Outcome
- most effective concentration of LCOe0
- Direction
- most effectivee0
- Setting
- greenhousee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The most effective concentration of LCO was 50 ng per plant applied twice in the greenhouse, initially during the early flowering stage and again in the late flowering stage.”
t0“tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2002 field trials, 10 ng LCO per plant at early flowering increased tomato fruit yield by up to 29.8%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 10 ng per plant applied at the early flowering stagee0
- Outcome
- fruit yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 29.8 and 29.4%e0
- Setting
- field trial in 2002e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A field trial in 2002 indicated that the optimal LCO application concentration was 10 ng per plant applied at the early flowering stage, which increased fruit yield and number by up to 29.8 and 29.4%, respectively.”
t0“tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2002 field trials, 10 ng LCO per plant at early flowering increased tomato fruit number by up to 29.4%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 10 ng per plant applied at the early flowering stagee0
- Outcome
- numbere0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 29.4%e0
- Setting
- field trial in 2002e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A field trial in 2002 indicated that the optimal LCO application concentration was 10 ng per plant applied at the early flowering stage, which increased fruit yield and number by up to 29.8 and 29.4%, respectively.”
t0“tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)”
Claim · model-written summary
A second LCO application at early fruiting increased fruit yield.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- second LCO application at the early fruiting stagee0
- Outcome
- fruit yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When plants received a second LCO application at the early fruiting stage, the fruit yield increased, but most were unmarketable green fruits.”
t0“tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Most fruits after a second LCO application were unmarketable green fruits.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- second LCO application at the early fruiting stagee0
- Outcome
- unmarketable green fruitse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When plants received a second LCO application at the early fruiting stage, the fruit yield increased, but most were unmarketable green fruits.”
t0“tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Field tomato yield increase was attributed to more fruits per plant.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- fruite0
- Outcome
- yield increase in field-grown tomatoese0
- Qualifier
- increase in the fruit number per plante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Analyses of yield data showed that the yield increase in field-grown tomatoes was due to an increase in the fruit number per plant, but not to individual fruit weight or fruit size.”
t0“tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Individual fruit weight did not account for the yield increase.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- individual fruit weighte0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Analyses of yield data showed that the yield increase in field-grown tomatoes was due to an increase in the fruit number per plant, but not to individual fruit weight or fruit size.”
t0“tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Individual fruit size did not account for the yield increase.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- fruit sizee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Analyses of yield data showed that the yield increase in field-grown tomatoes was due to an increase in the fruit number per plant, but not to individual fruit weight or fruit size.”
t0“tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Average fruit weight under LCO treatment did not differ from control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- treatmente0
- Outcome
- average weight per fruite0
- Direction
- not differente0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The average weight per fruit due to the treatment was not different from the control.”
t0“tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2003 field trials, 50 ng LCO per plant yielded the best tomato yield.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- foliar application of LCO at 50 ng per plante0
- Outcome
- tomato yielde0
- Direction
- beste0
- Setting
- field trial, carried out in 2003e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A second field trial, carried out in 2003, showed that a foliar application of LCO at 50 ng per plant produced the best tomato yield.”
t0“tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)”
The same questions in other papers
application · phenology · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
24 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- positive
23 papers more in this group
See all 27 papers →stage · yield · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
16 papers in the same direction as this paper · 12 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- negative
27 papers more in this group
See all 31 papers →application · yield · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
260 papers in the same direction as this paper · 33 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
292 papers more in this group
See all 296 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.