Abstract
Abstract Data on six soil types in North and West Florida for 2 years were used to evaluate subsoiling and deep placement of fertilizer. Lime, fertilizer, fertilizer plus lime, and fertilizer plus lime plus minor elements placed in the subsoil were compared with subsoiling alone and surface fertilization at low and high rates. Corn yields, root distribution and the chemical composition of ear leaves were used to measure responses. Where organic hardpans existed, as on the Leon fine sand, Ona fine sand, and combinations of these soil types with related soils, yield increases were obtained for subsoiling alone and fertilizer, lime and/or minor elements placed in the subsoil. Responses to fertilizer were related to the chemical composition of the soil profile and rainfall distribution. Better responses were obtained when moisture stress periods occurred during the first part of the season. The Norfolk loamy fine sand, Ruston fine sandy loam and Red Bay fine sandy loam soils contained compact clay zones or plow soles beneath the surface. When drought periods were of short duration, subsoiling and deep placed fertilizer improved corn yields above the check. When the drought period was of 25 days' duration the advantage of having a deeper root system and a larger corn plant was lost. On the Klej fine sand where there was nothing in the profile to impede roots, fertilizer on the surface was as good as. deep placement and subsoiling alone was of no benefit. The residual effects of the subsoiling treatments were generally small. There was some indication that it would be necessary to subsoil annually even though additional fertilizer in the subsoil may not be needed.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
On soils with organic hardpans, subsoiling alone increased corn yields.
- Taxon
- Corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Treatment
- subsoiling alonee1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- increasese1
- Qualifier
- organic hardpans existede1
- Setting
- Leon fine sand, Ona fine sande1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn yields, root distribution and the chemical composition of ear leaves were used to measure responses”
e1“Where organic hardpans existed, as on the Leon fine sand, Ona fine sand, and combinations of these soil types with related soils, yield increases were obtained for subsoiling alone and fertilizer, lime and/or minor elements placed in the subsoil”
Claim · model-written summary
On soils with organic hardpans, fertilizer, lime and/or minor elements placed in the subsoil increased corn yields.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- fertilizer, lime and/or minor elements placed in the subsoile1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- increasese1
- Qualifier
- organic hardpans existede1
- Setting
- Leon fine sand, Ona fine sande1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn yields, root distribution and the chemical composition of ear leaves were used to measure responses”
e1“Where organic hardpans existed, as on the Leon fine sand, Ona fine sand, and combinations of these soil types with related soils, yield increases were obtained for subsoiling alone and fertilizer, lime and/or minor elements placed in the subsoil”
Claim · model-written summary
Responses to fertilizer were related to the chemical composition of the soil profile and to rainfall distribution.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- fertilizere2
- Outcome
- Responses to fertilizere2
- Qualifier
- chemical composition of the soil profile and rainfall distributione2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn yields, root distribution and the chemical composition of ear leaves were used to measure responses”
e2“Responses to fertilizer were related to the chemical composition of the soil profile and rainfall distribution”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn responses were better when moisture stress periods occurred during the first part of the season.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- moisture stress periods occurred during the first part of the seasone3
- Outcome
- responsese3
- Direction
- Bettere3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn yields, root distribution and the chemical composition of ear leaves were used to measure responses”
e3“Better responses were obtained when moisture stress periods occurred during the first part of the season”
Claim · model-written summary
With short drought periods, subsoiling and deep placed fertilizer improved corn yields above the check.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- subsoiling and deep placed fertilizere4
- Outcome
- corn yieldse4
- Direction
- improvede4
- Qualifier
- drought periods were of short duratione4
- Comparator
- the checke4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn yields, root distribution and the chemical composition of ear leaves were used to measure responses”
e4“When drought periods were of short duration, subsoiling and deep placed fertilizer improved corn yields above the check”
Claim · model-written summary
With a 25-day drought, the advantage of a deeper root system and larger corn plant was lost.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- drought period was of 25 days' duratione5
- Outcome
- advantage of having a deeper root system and a larger corn plante5
- Direction
- was loste5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn yields, root distribution and the chemical composition of ear leaves were used to measure responses”
e5“When the drought period was of 25 days' duration the advantage of having a deeper root system and a larger corn plant was lost”
Claim · model-written summary
On Klej fine sand, surface fertilizer gave corn results as good as deep placement.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- fertilizer on the surfacee6
- Outcome
- as good ase6
- Direction
- as good ase6
- Comparator
- deep placemente6
- Setting
- Klej fine sande6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn yields, root distribution and the chemical composition of ear leaves were used to measure responses”
e6“On the Klej fine sand where there was nothing in the profile to impede roots, fertilizer on the surface was as good as. deep placement”
Claim · model-written summary
On Klej fine sand, subsoiling alone gave no benefit to corn.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- subsoiling alonee7
- Outcome
- benefite7
- Direction
- of no benefite7
- Setting
- Klej fine sande6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn yields, root distribution and the chemical composition of ear leaves were used to measure responses”
e6“On the Klej fine sand where there was nothing in the profile to impede roots, fertilizer on the surface was as good as. deep placement”
e7“deep placement and subsoiling alone was of no benefit”
Claim · model-written summary
Residual effects of the subsoiling treatments on corn were generally small.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- subsoiling treatmentse1
- Outcome
- residual effects of the subsoiling treatmentse1
- Qualifier
- generally smalle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn yields, root distribution and the chemical composition of ear leaves were used to measure responses”
e1“The residual effects of the subsoiling treatments were generally small”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest that corn may need subsoiling every year, although additional subsoil fertilizer may not be needed.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Outcome
- subsoil annuallye1
- Qualifier
- even though additional fertilizer in the subsoil may not be needede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn yields, root distribution and the chemical composition of ear leaves were used to measure responses”
e1“There was some indication that it would be necessary to subsoil annually even though additional fertilizer in the subsoil may not be needed”
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