Abstract
Abstract Although many reports have been published concerning differential susceptibility of various crops and/or cultivars to air pollutants, most have used foliar injury instead of the marketable yield as the factor that determined susceptibility for the crop. In an examination of screening in terms of marketable yield, three cultivars of tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), ‘Alta,’ ‘Fawn,’ and ‘Kentucky 31,’ were exposed to 0–0.40 ppm O 3 or 0–0.50 ppm SO 2 6 h/d, once a week, for 7 and 9 weeks, respectively. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with three replications. Statistical analysis was by standard analysis of variance and regression techniques. Three variables were analyzed: top dry weight (yield), tiller number, and weight per tiller. Ozone had a significant effect on all three variables. Significant linear decreases in yield and weight per tiller occurred with increasing O 3 concentrations. Linear regressions of these variables on O 3 concentration produced significantly different regression coefficients. The coefficient for Kentucky 31 was significantly greater than Alta or Fawn, which did not differ from each other. This indicated that Kentucky 31 was more susceptible to O 3 than either of the other cultivars. Percent reductions in dry weight for the three cultivars at highest O 3 level were 35, 44, and 53%, respectively, for Fawn, Alta, and Kentucky 31. For weight per tiller, Kentucky 31 had a higher percent reduction than the other cultivars (59 vs. 46 and 44%). Tiller number was generally increased by O 3 , but this variable was not useful for determining diffferential susceptibility to the pollutant. Sulfur dioxide treatments produced no significant effects on any of the variables analyzed.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone significantly decreased tall fescue yield with increasing concentration.
- Taxon
- tall fescue
Lolium arundinaceumt0 - Treatment
- O 3e0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- decreasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant linear decreases in yield and weight per tiller occurred with increasing O 3 concentrations.”
t0“Tall Fescue”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone significantly decreased weight per tiller with increasing concentration.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceumt0
- Treatment
- O 3e0
- Outcome
- weight per tillere0
- Direction
- decreasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant linear decreases in yield and weight per tiller occurred with increasing O 3 concentrations.”
t0“Tall Fescue”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone significantly affected tiller number.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceumt0
- Treatment
- Ozonee0
- Outcome
- tiller numbere1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ozone had a significant effect on all three variables.”
e1“tiller number”
t0“Tall Fescue”
Claim · model-written summary
Kentucky 31 had a greater ozone regression coefficient and susceptibility than Alta or Fawn.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceumt0
- Material
- Kentucky 31e0
- Treatment
- O 3e0
- Outcome
- coefficiente0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- Alta or Fawne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The coefficient for Kentucky 31 was significantly greater than Alta or Fawn, which did not differ from each other. This indicated that Kentucky 31 was more susceptible to O 3 than either of the other cultivars.”
t0“Tall Fescue”
Claim · model-written summary
Alta and Fawn did not differ in ozone regression coefficient.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceumt0
- Material
- Altae0
- Outcome
- did not differe0
- Direction
- did not differe0
- Comparator
- Fawne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alta or Fawn, which did not differ from each other.”
t0“Tall Fescue”
Claim · model-written summary
At the highest ozone level, Fawn dry weight fell 35%.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceumt0
- Material
- Fawne0
- Treatment
- highest O 3 levele0
- Outcome
- dry weighte0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- 35e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Percent reductions in dry weight for the three cultivars at highest O 3 level were 35, 44, and 53%, respectively, for Fawn, Alta, and Kentucky 31.”
t0“Tall Fescue”
Claim · model-written summary
At the highest ozone level, Alta dry weight fell 44%.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceumt0
- Material
- Altae0
- Treatment
- highest O 3 levele0
- Outcome
- dry weighte0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- 44e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Percent reductions in dry weight for the three cultivars at highest O 3 level were 35, 44, and 53%, respectively, for Fawn, Alta, and Kentucky 31.”
t0“Tall Fescue”
Claim · model-written summary
At the highest ozone level, Kentucky 31 dry weight fell 53%.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceumt0
- Material
- Kentucky 31e0
- Treatment
- highest O 3 levele0
- Outcome
- dry weighte0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- 53%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Percent reductions in dry weight for the three cultivars at highest O 3 level were 35, 44, and 53%, respectively, for Fawn, Alta, and Kentucky 31.”
t0“Tall Fescue”
Claim · model-written summary
Kentucky 31 had a 59% ozone-related weight-per-tiller reduction.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceumt0
- Material
- Kentucky 31e0
- Treatment
- Ozonet0
- Outcome
- weight per tillere0
- Direction
- higher percent reductione0
- Value
- 59e0
- Comparator
- other cultivarse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For weight per tiller, Kentucky 31 had a higher percent reduction than the other cultivars (59 vs. 46 and 44%).”
t0“Ozone and Sulfur Dioxide Effects on Three Tall Fescue Cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
The other two cultivars had 46% and 44% ozone-related weight-per-tiller reductions.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceumt0
- Treatment
- Ozonet0
- Outcome
- weight per tillere0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 46 and 44%e0
- Comparator
- Kentucky 31e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For weight per tiller, Kentucky 31 had a higher percent reduction than the other cultivars (59 vs. 46 and 44%).”
t0“Ozone and Sulfur Dioxide Effects on Three Tall Fescue Cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone generally increased tiller number.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceumt0
- Treatment
- O 3e0
- Outcome
- Tiller numbere0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tiller number was generally increased by O 3”
t0“Tall Fescue”
Claim · model-written summary
Tiller number was not useful for distinguishing cultivar ozone susceptibility.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceumt0
- Outcome
- not useful for determining diffferential susceptibilitye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this variable was not useful for determining diffferential susceptibility to the pollutant.”
t0“Tall Fescue”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfur dioxide had no significant effect on the analyzed yield traits.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceumt0
- Treatment
- Sulfur dioxide treatmentse0
- Outcome
- variables analyzede0
- Direction
- no significant effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sulfur dioxide treatments produced no significant effects on any of the variables analyzed.”
t0“Tall Fescue”
The same questions in other papers
ozone · yield · Lolium arundinaceum (tall fescue)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
ozone · growth · Lolium arundinaceum (tall fescue)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.