Abstract
The effect of Quintozen, Benomyl, and Carbendazim, applied as a drench, on the VA endomycorrhizal fungus Glomus fasciculatum, the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita and on the interaction between the two was studied on cotton in the greenhouse. G. fasciculatum did not affect plant growth or nematode population density 30 days after simultaneous inoculation at planting, but caused significant increases in plant growth and a significant reduction in M. incognita population density and reproduction 50 days after inoculation. The fungicides did not alter nematode populations on nonmycorrhizal plants. Benomyl and Carbendazim, however, significantly reduced G. fasciculatum antagonistic activity toward M. incognita reproduction when applied at planting. The diminution of antagonism was stronger than the effect of the fungicides on symbiont root colonization of cotton. Carbendazim, which was less toxic to G. fasciculatum than Benomyl, did not influence mycorrhizal intensity when applied at planting or 25 days later. Nematode numbers increased significantly on mycorrhizal plants when Benomyl was applied at planting, but no significant change was noticed with similar applications of Carbendazim. Conversely, there were fewer nematodes in mycorrhizal plants when the fungicides were applied 25 days after planting. The results demonstrated that fungicide concentration and time of application are important factors influencing the antagonistic interaction between endomycorrhizal fungi and root-knot nematodes on cotton. Effective use of VA mycorrhizae in nematode control systems, therefore, will require proper screening of fungicides for fungicidal activity to endomycorrhizal fungi.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
In cotton, G. fasciculatum did not affect plant growth or nematode population density 30 days after simultaneous inoculation at planting.
- Taxon
- Cotton
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Treatment
- simultaneous inoculation at plantinge1
- Interactor
- G. fasciculatumRhizophagus fasciculatuse1symbiont
- Outcome
- plant growth or nematode population densitye1
- Direction
- did not affecte1
- Qualifier
- 30 dayse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton”
e1“G. fasciculatum did not affect plant growth or nematode population density 30 days after simultaneous inoculation at planting”
Claim · model-written summary
In cotton, G. fasciculatum caused a significant increase in plant growth 50 days after inoculation.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- G. fasciculatume1
- Interactor
- G. fasciculatumRhizophagus fasciculatuse1symbiont
- Outcome
- plant growthe2
- Direction
- increasese2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton”
e1“G. fasciculatum did not affect plant growth”
e2“caused significant increases in plant growth”
Claim · model-written summary
In cotton, G. fasciculatum caused a significant reduction in M. incognita population density and reproduction 50 days after inoculation.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- G. fasciculatume1
- Interactor
- M. incognita
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=60)
Meloidogyne incognitae2pathogen - Second interactor
- G. fasciculatumRhizophagus fasciculatuse1symbiont
- Outcome
- M. incognita population density and reproductione2
- Direction
- reductione2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Cotton”
e1“G. fasciculatum did not affect plant growth”
e2“a significant reduction in M. incognita population density and reproduction 50 days after inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
The fungicides did not alter nematode populations on nonmycorrhizal cotton plants.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- fungicidese1
- Outcome
- nematode populationse1
- Direction
- did not altere1
- Qualifier
- nonmycorrhizal plantse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton”
e1“The fungicides did not alter nematode populations on nonmycorrhizal plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Benomyl applied at planting significantly reduced the antagonistic activity of G. fasciculatum toward M. incognita reproduction on cotton.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Benomyle1
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae1pathogen
- Second interactor
- G. fasciculatumRhizophagus fasciculatuse1symbiont
- Outcome
- G. fasciculatum antagonistic activity toward M. incognita reproductione1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Qualifier
- when applied at plantinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton”
e1“Benomyl and Carbendazim, however, significantly reduced G. fasciculatum antagonistic activity toward M. incognita reproduction when applied at planting”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbendazim applied at planting significantly reduced the antagonistic activity of G. fasciculatum toward M. incognita reproduction on cotton.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Carbendazime1
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae1pathogen
- Second interactor
- G. fasciculatumRhizophagus fasciculatuse1symbiont
- Outcome
- G. fasciculatum antagonistic activity toward M. incognita reproductione1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Qualifier
- when applied at plantinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton”
e1“Benomyl and Carbendazim, however, significantly reduced G. fasciculatum antagonistic activity toward M. incognita reproduction when applied at planting”
Claim · model-written summary
The diminution of G. fasciculatum antagonism caused by the fungicides was stronger than the effect of the fungicides on symbiont root colonization of cotton.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- fungicidese1
- Outcome
- diminution of antagonisme1
- Direction
- strongere1
- Comparator
- effect of the fungicides on symbiont root colonizatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The diminution of antagonism was stronger than the effect of the fungicides on symbiont root colonization of cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbendazim did not influence mycorrhizal intensity of G. fasciculatum on cotton when applied at planting or 25 days later.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Carbendazime1
- Interactor
- G. fasciculatumRhizophagus fasciculatuse1symbiont
- Outcome
- mycorrhizal intensitye1
- Direction
- did not influencee1
- Qualifier
- when applied at planting or 25 days latere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton”
e1“Carbendazim, which was less toxic to G. fasciculatum than Benomyl, did not influence mycorrhizal intensity when applied at planting or 25 days later”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbendazim was less toxic to G. fasciculatum than Benomyl.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Carbendazime1
- Interactor
- G. fasciculatumRhizophagus fasciculatuse1symbiont
- Outcome
- toxic to G. fasciculatume1
- Direction
- lesse1
- Comparator
- Benomyle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton”
e1“Carbendazim, which was less toxic to G. fasciculatum than Benomyl”
Claim · model-written summary
Nematode numbers increased significantly on mycorrhizal cotton plants when Benomyl was applied at planting.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Benomyle1
- Outcome
- Nematode numberse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- mycorrhizal plantse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton”
e1“Nematode numbers increased significantly on mycorrhizal plants when Benomyl was applied at planting”
Claim · model-written summary
Nematode numbers on mycorrhizal cotton plants showed no significant change with Carbendazim applied at planting.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Carbendazime1
- Outcome
- Nematode numberse1
- Direction
- no significant changee1
- Qualifier
- mycorrhizal plantse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton”
e1“Nematode numbers increased significantly on mycorrhizal plants when Benomyl was applied at planting, but no significant change was noticed with similar applications of Carbendazim”
Claim · model-written summary
There were fewer nematodes in mycorrhizal cotton plants when the fungicides were applied 25 days after planting.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- the fungicides were applied 25 days after plantinge1
- Outcome
- nematodese1
- Direction
- fewere1
- Qualifier
- mycorrhizal plantse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton”
e1“there were fewer nematodes in mycorrhizal plants when the fungicides were applied 25 days after planting”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide concentration and time of application are important factors influencing the antagonistic interaction between endomycorrhizal fungi and root-knot nematodes on cotton.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- fungicide concentration and time of applicatione1
- Interactor
- root-knot nematodesMeloidogynee1pathogen
- Second interactor
- endomycorrhizal fungie1symbiont
- Outcome
- antagonistic interaction between endomycorrhizal fungi and root-knot nematodese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“fungicide concentration and time of application are important factors influencing the antagonistic interaction between endomycorrhizal fungi and root-knot nematodes on cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Effective use of VA mycorrhizae in nematode control on cotton will require proper screening of fungicides for fungicidal activity to endomycorrhizal fungi.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- proper screening of fungicides for fungicidal activity to endomycorrhizal fungie1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton”
e1“Effective use of VA mycorrhizae in nematode control systems, therefore, will require proper screening of fungicides for fungicidal activity to endomycorrhizal fungi”
The same questions in other papers
Rhizophagus fasciculatus · growth · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.