Abstract
Essential oils extracted by hydrodistillation from local plants in Benin, western Africa, and oil from seeds of the neem tree (Azadirachta indica) were evaluated in vitro and in vivo for their efficacy against Fusarium verticillioides infection and fumonisin contamination. Fumonisin in corn was quantified using a fluorometer and the Vicam method. Oils from Cymbopogon citratus, Ocimum basilicum, and Ocimum gratissimum were the most effective in vitro, completely inhibiting the growth of F. verticillioides at lower concentrations over 21 days of incubation. These oils reduced the incidence of F. verticillioides in corn and totally inhibited fungal growth at concentrations of 8, 6.4, and 4.8 microL/g, respectively, over 21 days. At the concentration of 4.8 microL/g, these oils did not affect significantly fumonisin production. However, a marked reduction of fumonisin level was observed in corn stored in closed conditions. The oils adversely affected kernel germination at 4.8 microL/g and therefore cannot be recommended for controlling F. verticillioides on stored corn used as seeds, when used at this concentration. The oil of neem seeds showed no inhibitory effect but rather accelerated the growth of F. verticillioides.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Cymbopogon citratus oil completely inhibited Fusarium growth in vitro.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayst0 - Treatment
- Oils from Cymbopogon citratuse0
- Interactor
- F. verticillioides
Fusarium verticillioidese0pathogen - Outcome
- growth of F. verticillioidese0
- Direction
- completely inhibitinge0
- Setting
- in vitroe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Oils from Cymbopogon citratus, Ocimum basilicum, and Ocimum gratissimum were the most effective in vitro, completely inhibiting the growth of F. verticillioides at lower concentrations over 21 days of incubation”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Ocimum basilicum oil completely inhibited Fusarium growth in vitro.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Ocimum basilicume0
- Interactor
- F. verticillioidesFusarium verticillioidese0pathogen
- Outcome
- growth of F. verticillioidese0
- Direction
- completely inhibitinge0
- Setting
- in vitroe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Oils from Cymbopogon citratus, Ocimum basilicum, and Ocimum gratissimum were the most effective in vitro, completely inhibiting the growth of F. verticillioides at lower concentrations over 21 days of incubation”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Ocimum gratissimum oil completely inhibited Fusarium growth in vitro.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Ocimum gratissimume0
- Interactor
- F. verticillioidesFusarium verticillioidese0pathogen
- Outcome
- growth of F. verticillioidese0
- Direction
- completely inhibitinge0
- Setting
- in vitroe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Oils from Cymbopogon citratus, Ocimum basilicum, and Ocimum gratissimum were the most effective in vitro, completely inhibiting the growth of F. verticillioides at lower concentrations over 21 days of incubation”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Cymbopogon citratus oil reduced Fusarium incidence in corn and inhibited growth at 8 microL/g.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- These oilse0
- Interactor
- F. verticillioidesFusarium verticillioidese0pathogen
- Outcome
- incidence of F. verticillioides in corn and totally inhibited fungal growthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 8 microL/ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These oils reduced the incidence of F. verticillioides in corn and totally inhibited fungal growth at concentrations of 8, 6.4, and 4.8 microL/g, respectively, over 21 days”
Claim · model-written summary
Ocimum basilicum oil reduced Fusarium incidence in corn and inhibited growth at 6.4 microL/g.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- These oilse0
- Interactor
- F. verticillioidesFusarium verticillioidese0pathogen
- Outcome
- incidence of F. verticillioides in corn and totally inhibited fungal growthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 6.4e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These oils reduced the incidence of F. verticillioides in corn and totally inhibited fungal growth at concentrations of 8, 6.4, and 4.8 microL/g, respectively, over 21 days”
Claim · model-written summary
Ocimum gratissimum oil reduced Fusarium incidence in corn and inhibited growth at 4.8 microL/g.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- These oilse0
- Interactor
- F. verticillioidesFusarium verticillioidese0pathogen
- Outcome
- incidence of F. verticillioides in corn and totally inhibited fungal growthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 4.8 microL/ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These oils reduced the incidence of F. verticillioides in corn and totally inhibited fungal growth at concentrations of 8, 6.4, and 4.8 microL/g, respectively, over 21 days”
Claim · model-written summary
At 4.8 microL/g, these oils had no significant effect on fumonisin production.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- these oilse0
- Outcome
- fumonisin productione0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
- Value
- 4.8 microL/ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the concentration of 4.8 microL/g, these oils did not affect significantly fumonisin production”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Fumonisin levels declined markedly in corn stored closed.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Outcome
- fumonisin levele0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Setting
- closed conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a marked reduction of fumonisin level was observed in corn stored in closed conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Essential oils adversely affected corn kernel germination at 4.8 microL/g.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- The oilse0
- Outcome
- kernel germinatione0
- Direction
- adversely affectede0
- Value
- 4.8 microL/ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The oils adversely affected kernel germination at 4.8 microL/g”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors advised against using these oils at 4.8 microL/g on stored seed corn for Fusarium control.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Interactor
- F. verticillioidesFusarium verticillioidese0pathogen
- Outcome
- controlling F. verticillioides on stored corn used as seedse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cannot be recommended for controlling F. verticillioides on stored corn used as seeds, when used at this concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem seed oil did not inhibit Fusarium growth.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- oil of neem seedse0
- Interactor
- F. verticillioidesFusarium verticillioidese0pathogen
- Outcome
- growth of F. verticillioidese0
- Direction
- no inhibitory effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The oil of neem seeds showed no inhibitory effect but rather accelerated the growth of F. verticillioides”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem seed oil accelerated Fusarium growth.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- oil of neem seedse0
- Interactor
- F. verticillioidesFusarium verticillioidese0pathogen
- Outcome
- growth of F. verticillioidese0
- Direction
- acceleratede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The oil of neem seeds showed no inhibitory effect but rather accelerated the growth of F. verticillioides”
t0“Corn”
The same questions in other papers
botanical · Fusarium verticillioides · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
13 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
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See all 14 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.