Abstract
1. A regeneration study of the pruned root systems of 1-3-year-old noble fir seedlings (Abies procera Rehd.) showed that the period of most active root repair is from June to September, when nearly all pruned roots produce regenerated laterals within 20-30 days after pruning. A few seedlings are able to regenerate roots in February and March also. Root regeneration has no relation to shoot growth or to the growth rate of the root system. 2. Root pruning of noble fir does not result in a compact fibrous root system. The severance of various roots does not result in larger numbers of laterals along the lengths of the roots but merely in the origin of replacement roots near the pruned surfaces. These regenerated roots elongate rapidly, and their distal portions are as likely to be lost in transplanting as are the long laterals in the unpruned seedling. 3. A root pruned at the 1-3-year-old level generally produces a number of regenerated roots equal to the number of xylem poles in the mother root. Older roots can produce many more roots at the wound level than there are xylem poles in the parent root. 4. The general features of the wound-healing process found in a basipetal progression of zones from the wound surface are similar in all pruned roots of noble fir: an outer zone of dried-up cells; a zone which is infiltrated with wound substances and shows signs of disorganization and necrosis; a region of wound cork (in the outer portion of the callus); a region of callus, with its associated meristems and various anomalous structures; and, finally, a region of transition to the normal tissue. 5. A lateral-root primordium originates in close proximity to the pruned surface in the regions below the protecting layer of wound cork. Root primordia in roots under 2 or 3 years old continue to arise outside the protoxylem points, generally from the cambium. The pericycle ceases to play much of a role in lateral root production after secondary growth has occurred outside the protoxylem poles. 6. In the regenerated root the vascular maturation is much accelerated over that of the normal lateral root. Whereas the xylem of the normal lateral root is connected with the protoxylem of the mother root, the xylem of the regenerated root is connected with the recently formed secondary xylem of the mother root.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Most active root repair occurs June to September, with nearly all pruned roots producing laterals within 20-30 days.
Verbatim
e0“the period of most active root repair is from June to September, when nearly all pruned roots produce regenerated laterals within 20-30 days after pruning”
t0“Noble Fir”
Claim · model-written summary
Some seedlings regenerate roots in February and March.
Verbatim
e0“A few seedlings are able to regenerate roots in February and March also.”
t0“Noble Fir”
Claim · model-written summary
Root regeneration was unrelated to shoot growth or root-system growth rate.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Root regeneration has no relation to shoot growth or to the growth rate of the root system.”
t0“Noble Fir”
Claim · model-written summary
Root pruning does not form a compact fibrous root system.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“Root pruning of noble fir does not result in a compact fibrous root system.”
Claim · model-written summary
Severed roots form replacement roots near pruned surfaces rather than more laterals along root lengths.
- Taxon
- noble firt0
- Treatment
- severance of various rootse0
- Outcome
- replacement roots near the pruned surfacese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“The severance of various roots does not result in larger numbers of laterals along the lengths of the roots but merely in the origin of replacement roots near the pruned surfaces.”
t0“Noble Fir”
Claim · model-written summary
Regenerated roots elongate rapidly.
Verbatim
e0“These regenerated roots elongate rapidly”
t0“Noble Fir”
Claim · model-written summary
Distal regenerated roots are as likely to be lost in transplanting as unpruned long laterals.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“their distal portions are as likely to be lost in transplanting as are the long laterals in the unpruned seedling.”
t0“Noble Fir”
Claim · model-written summary
Roots pruned at age 1-3 years generally regenerate a number equal to their xylem poles.
Verbatim
e0“A root pruned at the 1-3-year-old level generally produces a number of regenerated roots equal to the number of xylem poles in the mother root.”
t0“Noble Fir”
Claim · model-written summary
Older roots can regenerate more roots at the wound than their parent xylem pole count.
Verbatim
e0“Older roots can produce many more roots at the wound level than there are xylem poles in the parent root.”
t0“Noble Fir”
Claim · model-written summary
Pruned noble fir roots show similar basipetal wound-healing zones.
Verbatim
e0“The general features of the wound-healing process found in a basipetal progression of zones from the wound surface are similar in all pruned roots of noble fir”
Claim · model-written summary
Lateral root primordia originate near the pruned surface below wound cork.
Verbatim
e0“A lateral-root primordium originates in close proximity to the pruned surface in the regions below the protecting layer of wound cork.”
t0“Noble Fir”
Claim · model-written summary
In roots under 2 or 3 years old, primordia generally arise from cambium outside protoxylem points.
Verbatim
e0“Root primordia in roots under 2 or 3 years old continue to arise outside the protoxylem points, generally from the cambium.”
t0“Noble Fir”
Claim · model-written summary
After secondary growth, the pericycle contributes little to lateral root production.
Verbatim
e0“The pericycle ceases to play much of a role in lateral root production after secondary growth has occurred outside the protoxylem poles.”
t0“Noble Fir”
Claim · model-written summary
Vascular maturation is accelerated in regenerated compared with normal lateral roots.
Verbatim
e0“In the regenerated root the vascular maturation is much accelerated over that of the normal lateral root.”
t0“Noble Fir”
Claim · model-written summary
Regenerated-root xylem connects to recent secondary xylem of the mother root.
Verbatim
e0“the xylem of the regenerated root is connected with the recently formed secondary xylem of the mother root.”
t0“Noble Fir”