Abstract
Wild-type stomata are distributed nonrandomly, and their density is controlled by endogenous and exogenous factors. In the Arabidopsis mutant stomatal density and distribution1-1 (sdd1-1), the establishment of the stomatal pattern is disrupted, resulting in stomata clustering and twofold to fourfold increases in stomatal density. The SDD1 gene that encodes a subtilisin-like Ser protease is expressed strongly in stomatal precursor cells (meristemoids and guard mother cells), and the SDD1 promoter is controlled negatively by a feedback mechanism. The encoded protein is exported to the apoplast and probably is associated with the plasma membrane. SDD1 overexpression in the wild type leads to a phenotype opposite to that caused by the sdd1-1 mutation, with a twofold to threefold decrease in stomatal density and the formation of arrested stomata. While SDD1 overexpression was effective in the flp mutant, the tmm mutation acted epistatically. Thus, we propose that SDD1 generates an extracellular signal by meristemoids/guard mother cells and demonstrate that the function of SDD1 is dependent on TMM activity.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
The sdd1-1 mutation caused stomatal clustering.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise0 - Material
- stomatal density and distribution1-1 (sdd1-1)e0
- Treatment
- sdd1-1e0
- Outcome
- stomata clusteringe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the Arabidopsis mutant stomatal density and distribution1-1 (sdd1-1), the establishment of the stomatal pattern is disrupted, resulting in stomata clustering and twofold to fourfold increases in stomatal density”
Claim · model-written summary
The sdd1-1 mutation increased stomatal density twofold to fourfold.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Material
- sdd1-1e0
- Treatment
- sdd1-1e0
- Outcome
- stomatal densitye0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- twofold to fourfolde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the Arabidopsis mutant stomatal density and distribution1-1 (sdd1-1), the establishment of the stomatal pattern is disrupted, resulting in stomata clustering and twofold to fourfold increases in stomatal density”
Claim · model-written summary
SDD1 expression was strong in stomatal precursor cells.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Organ / stage
- stomatal precursor cells (meristemoids and guard mother cells)e0
- Gene
- SDD1e0
- Outcome
- expressed stronglye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The SDD1 gene that encodes a subtilisin-like Ser protease is expressed strongly in stomatal precursor cells (meristemoids and guard mother cells)”
t0“Arabidopsis Stomatal Development”
Claim · model-written summary
Feedback negatively controlled the SDD1 promoter.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- SDD1e0
- Outcome
- controlled negativelye0
- Direction
- negativelye0
- Qualifier
- feedback mechanisme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the SDD1 promoter is controlled negatively by a feedback mechanism”
t0“Arabidopsis Stomatal Development”
Claim · model-written summary
The SDD1 protein was exported to the apoplast and probably associated with the plasma membrane.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Outcome
- exported to the apoplast and probably is associated with the plasma membranee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The encoded protein is exported to the apoplast and probably is associated with the plasma membrane”
t0“Arabidopsis Stomatal Development”
Claim · model-written summary
SDD1 overexpression decreased stomatal density twofold to threefold.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- SDD1 overexpressione0
- Gene
- SDD1e0
- Outcome
- stomatal densitye0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- twofold to threefolde0
- Comparator
- wild typee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SDD1 overexpression in the wild type leads to a phenotype opposite to that caused by the sdd1-1 mutation, with a twofold to threefold decrease in stomatal density and the formation of arrested stomata”
t0“Arabidopsis Stomatal Development”
Claim · model-written summary
SDD1 overexpression formed arrested stomata.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- SDD1 overexpressione0
- Gene
- SDD1e0
- Outcome
- formation of arrested stomatae0
- Comparator
- wild typee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SDD1 overexpression in the wild type leads to a phenotype opposite to that caused by the sdd1-1 mutation, with a twofold to threefold decrease in stomatal density and the formation of arrested stomata”
t0“Arabidopsis Stomatal Development”
Claim · model-written summary
SDD1 overexpression was effective in flp but tmm acted epistatically.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- flp mutante0
- Gene
- SDD1e0
- Outcome
- SDD1 overexpression was effective in the flp mutant, the tmm mutation acted epistaticallye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“While SDD1 overexpression was effective in the flp mutant, the tmm mutation acted epistatically”
t0“Arabidopsis Stomatal Development”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose that SDD1 generates an extracellular signal from stomatal precursor cells.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Organ / stage
- meristemoids/guard mother cellse0
- Gene
- SDD1e0
- Outcome
- generates an extracellular signale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we propose that SDD1 generates an extracellular signal by meristemoids/guard mother cells”
t0“Arabidopsis Stomatal Development”
Claim · model-written summary
SDD1 function depended on TMM activity.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- TMMe0
- Outcome
- function of SDD1e0
- Qualifier
- dependent on TMM activitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the function of SDD1 is dependent on TMM activity”
t0“Arabidopsis Stomatal Development”