Abstract
Evidence suggests that heavy-metal tolerance can be induced in plants following pre-treatment with non-toxic metal concentrations, but the results are still controversial. In the present study, tobacco plants were exposed to increasing Zn2+ concentrations (up to 250 and/or 500 μM ZnSO4) with or without a 1-week acclimation period with 30 μM ZnSO4. Elevated Zn2+ was highly toxic for plants, and after 3 weeks of treatments there was a marked (≥50%) decline in plant growth in non-acclimated plants. Plant acclimation, on the other hand, increased plant dry mass and leaf area up to 1.6-fold compared with non-acclimated ones. In non-acclimated plants, the addition of 250 μM ZnSO4 led to transient membrane depolarization and stomatal closure within 24h from the addition of the stress; by contrast, the acclimation process was associated with an improved stomatal regulation and a superior ability to maintain a negative root membrane potential, with values on average 37% more negative compared with non-acclimated plants. The different response at the plasma-membrane level between acclimated and non-acclimated plants was associated with an enhanced vacuolar Zn2+ sequestration and up to 2-fold higher expression of the tobacco orthologue of the Arabidopsis thaliana MTP1 gene. Thus, the acclimation process elicited specific detoxification mechanisms in roots that enhanced Zn2+ compartmentalization in vacuoles, thereby improving root membrane functionality and stomatal regulation in leaves following elevated Zn2+ stress.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated Zn2+ markedly reduced plant growth (by at least 50%) in non-acclimated tobacco plants.
- Taxon
- tobacco
Nicotiana tabacumt0 - Material
- non-acclimated plantse1
- Treatment
- Elevated Zn2+e1
- Outcome
- plant growthe1
- Direction
- declinee1
- Value
- ≥50%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“acclimated tobacco plants”
e1“Elevated Zn2+ was highly toxic for plants, and after 3 weeks of treatments there was a marked (≥50%) decline in plant growth in non-acclimated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Acclimation increased tobacco plant dry mass and leaf area up to 1.6-fold compared with non-acclimated plants.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- Plant acclimatione2
- Outcome
- plant dry mass and leaf areae2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- up to 1.6-folde2
- Comparator
- non-acclimated onese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“acclimated tobacco plants”
e2“Plant acclimation, on the other hand, increased plant dry mass and leaf area up to 1.6-fold compared with non-acclimated ones”
Claim · model-written summary
In non-acclimated tobacco plants, 250 μM ZnSO4 caused transient membrane depolarization and stomatal closure within 24 h.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Material
- non-acclimated plantse3
- Treatment
- 250 μM ZnSO4e3
- Outcome
- transient membrane depolarization and stomatal closuree3
- Qualifier
- within 24h from the addition of the stresse3
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“acclimated tobacco plants”
e3“In non-acclimated plants, the addition of 250 μM ZnSO4 led to transient membrane depolarization and stomatal closure within 24h from the addition of the stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Acclimation was associated with improved stomatal regulation in tobacco compared with non-acclimated plants.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- acclimation processe4
- Outcome
- stomatal regulatione4
- Direction
- improvede4
- Comparator
- non-acclimated plantse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“acclimated tobacco plants”
e4“by contrast, the acclimation process was associated with an improved stomatal regulation and a superior ability to maintain a negative root membrane potential, with values on average 37% more negative compared with non-acclimated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Acclimation was associated with a root membrane potential 37% more negative than in non-acclimated tobacco plants.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- acclimation processe4
- Outcome
- root membrane potentiale4
- Direction
- more negativee4
- Value
- 37%e4
- Comparator
- non-acclimated plantse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“acclimated tobacco plants”
e4“by contrast, the acclimation process was associated with an improved stomatal regulation and a superior ability to maintain a negative root membrane potential, with values on average 37% more negative compared with non-acclimated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Acclimation was associated with enhanced vacuolar Zn2+ sequestration compared with non-acclimated plants.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- acclimatede5
- Outcome
- vacuolar Zn2+ sequestratione5
- Direction
- enhancede5
- Comparator
- non-acclimated plantse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“acclimated tobacco plants”
e5“The different response at the plasma-membrane level between acclimated and non-acclimated plants was associated with an enhanced vacuolar Zn2+ sequestration and up to 2-fold higher expression of the tobacco orthologue of the Arabidopsis thaliana MTP1 gene”
Claim · model-written summary
Acclimation was associated with up to 2-fold higher expression of the tobacco MTP1 orthologue.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- acclimatede5
- Gene
- the tobacco orthologue of the Arabidopsis thaliana MTP1 genee5
- Outcome
- expressione5
- Direction
- highere5
- Value
- up to 2-folde5
- Comparator
- non-acclimated plantse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“acclimated tobacco plants”
e5“The different response at the plasma-membrane level between acclimated and non-acclimated plants was associated with an enhanced vacuolar Zn2+ sequestration and up to 2-fold higher expression of the tobacco orthologue of the Arabidopsis thaliana MTP1 gene”
Claim · model-written summary
Acclimation elicits root detoxification mechanisms that enhance vacuolar Zn2+ compartmentalisation and so improve root membrane functionality and leaf stomatal regulation.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- acclimation processe6
- Outcome
- root membrane functionality and stomatal regulation in leavese6
- Qualifier
- specific detoxification mechanisms in roots that enhanced Zn2+ compartmentalization in vacuolese6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“acclimated tobacco plants”
e6“Thus, the acclimation process elicited specific detoxification mechanisms in roots that enhanced Zn2+ compartmentalization in vacuoles, thereby improving root membrane functionality and stomatal regulation in leaves following elevated Zn2+ stress”