Abstract
Understanding cover crop and tillage system interactions within specific environments can help maximize productivity and economic returns of cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) produced on sandy coastal plain soils of the southeastern USA. A strip‐plot design with three replications was used to evaluate the cover crops Austrian winter pea [ Pisum sativum L. ssp. arvense (L.)], balansa clover ( Trifolium michelianum Savi), crimson clover ( Trifolium incarnatum L.), hairy vetch ( Vicia villosa Roth subsp. villosa ), oil seed radish ( Raphanus sativus L.), black oat ( Avena strigosa Schreb.), and rye ( Secale cereale L.) and tillage (strip and none) influences on cotton grown on a Bonifay fine sand (loamy, siliceous, subactive, thermic Grossarenic Plinthic Paleudults) near Waynesboro, GA from 1999 to 2003. Drought influenced production 3 of 4 yr. Cover crop biomass was greatest from rye, intermediate from black oat, oilseed radish, hairy vetch, and Austrian winter pea. Hairy vetch and Austrian winter pea contained more than 80 kg N ha −1 while other cover crops averaged <40 kg N ha −1 . Cotton yields following black oat and rye had returns above variable costs ha −1 $461 and $406, respectively. Strip‐tillage increased yields by 192 kg ha −1 and annual returns by $112 ha −1 over no‐tillage, most likely due to improved available water. Combining strip‐tillage with black oat was the best combination for maximizing profit. Using black oat with strip‐tillage could increase cotton profit by $50 to $75 ha −1 compared to systems using rye on the 1.45 million ha of cotton where conservation systems have been adopted.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Rye gave the greatest cover crop biomass among the cover crops tested.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Treatment
- ryee1
- Outcome
- Cover crop biomasse1
- Direction
- greateste1
- Comparator
- black oat, oilseed radish, hairy vetch, and Austrian winter peae1
- Setting
- Waynesboro, GAe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cover Crop Influences on Cotton Production”
e1“Cover crop biomass was greatest from rye, intermediate from black oat, oilseed radish, hairy vetch, and Austrian winter pea”
e3“near Waynesboro, GA from 1999 to 2003”
Claim · model-written summary
Black oat, oilseed radish, hairy vetch and Austrian winter pea gave intermediate cover crop biomass relative to rye.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- black oat, oilseed radish, hairy vetch, and Austrian winter peae1
- Outcome
- Cover crop biomasse1
- Direction
- intermediatee1
- Comparator
- ryee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cover Crop Influences on Cotton Production”
e1“Cover crop biomass was greatest from rye, intermediate from black oat, oilseed radish, hairy vetch, and Austrian winter pea”
Claim · model-written summary
Hairy vetch contained more than 80 kg N ha −1 in its cover crop biomass.
- Taxon
- Hairy vetch
Vicia villosae2 - Outcome
- containede2
- Direction
- more thane2
- Value
- 80 kg N ha −1e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cover Crop Influences on Cotton Production”
e2“Hairy vetch and Austrian winter pea contained more than 80 kg N ha −1 while other cover crops averaged <40 kg N ha −1”
Claim · model-written summary
Austrian winter pea contained more than 80 kg N ha −1 in its cover crop biomass.
Verbatim
t0“Cover Crop Influences on Cotton Production”
e2“Hairy vetch and Austrian winter pea contained more than 80 kg N ha −1 while other cover crops averaged <40 kg N ha −1”
Claim · model-written summary
Other cover crops averaged less than 40 kg N ha −1.
Verbatim
t0“Cover Crop Influences on Cotton Production”
e2“Hairy vetch and Austrian winter pea contained more than 80 kg N ha −1 while other cover crops averaged <40 kg N ha −1”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotton following black oat had returns above variable costs of $461 per ha.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- black oate3
- Outcome
- returns above variable costse3
- Value
- $461e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cover Crop Influences on Cotton Production”
e3“Cotton yields following black oat and rye had returns above variable costs ha −1 $461 and $406, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotton following rye had returns above variable costs of $406 per ha.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- ryee3
- Outcome
- returns above variable costse3
- Value
- $406e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cover Crop Influences on Cotton Production”
e3“Cotton yields following black oat and rye had returns above variable costs ha −1 $461 and $406, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Strip‐tillage increased cotton yields by 192 kg ha −1 over no‐tillage.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- strip‐tillagee4
- Outcome
- yieldse4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- 192 kg ha −1e4
- Comparator
- no‐tillagee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cover Crop Influences on Cotton Production”
e4“Strip‐tillage increased yields by 192 kg ha −1 and annual returns by $112 ha −1 over no‐tillage”
Claim · model-written summary
Strip‐tillage increased cotton annual returns by $112 ha −1 over no‐tillage.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- strip‐tillagee4
- Outcome
- annual returnse4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- $112 ha −1e4
- Comparator
- no‐tillagee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cover Crop Influences on Cotton Production”
e4“Strip‐tillage increased yields by 192 kg ha −1 and annual returns by $112 ha −1 over no‐tillage”
Claim · model-written summary
Combining strip‐tillage with black oat was the best combination for maximizing cotton profit.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Combining strip‐tillage with black oate5
- Outcome
- profite5
- Direction
- maximizinge5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cover Crop Influences on Cotton Production”
e5“Combining strip‐tillage with black oat was the best combination for maximizing profit”
Claim · model-written summary
Black oat with strip‐tillage could increase cotton profit by $50 to $75 ha −1 compared with systems using rye.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- black oat with strip‐tillagee6
- Outcome
- cotton profite6
- Direction
- increasee6
- Value
- $50 to $75 ha −1e6
- Comparator
- systems using ryee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cover Crop Influences on Cotton Production”
e6“Using black oat with strip‐tillage could increase cotton profit by $50 to $75 ha −1 compared to systems using rye”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought influenced cotton production in 3 of 4 years.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Droughte7
- Outcome
- productione7
- Qualifier
- 3 of 4 yre7
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cover Crop Influences on Cotton Production”
e7“Drought influenced production 3 of 4 yr”
The same questions in other papers
tillage · yield · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
112 papers in the same direction as this paper · 38 in the opposite direction · 8 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- negative
155 papers more in this group
See all 159 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.