Abstract
Abstract Studies were conducted over a 2-year period at Headland, Ala. and Jay, Fla. to evaluate the relationship between peanut seed size and tolerance of the resultant crop to normal and excessive rates of the herbicide paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion). Three seed sizes, termed small (3340 seeds/kg), medium (2615 seeds/kg), and large (1820 seeds/kg), were planted to achieve a common plant population. While seedling size at emergence reflected seed size, no interaction between seed size and herbicide treatment was detected for crop growth measured as the increase in canopy diameter over a 5-week period following herbicide application. None of the seed sizes resulted in seedlings that were either uniquely sensitive or abnormally tolerant of paraquat. Two sequential applications of paraquat at 0.14 kg ai/ha each was consistently the most damaging treatment as measured in growth reduction, however yield was reduced in only one of four trials. Seed size had an effect on yield in only two of the four trials, and within these two trials the average yield improvement from large seed relative to medium and small seed was only 10 and 12%, respectively. Net return generally was independent of seed size. However, medium-sized seed resulted in maximum net return in two out of the four experiments.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Seed size did not interact with herbicide application for canopy diameter growth of peanut.
- Taxon
- peanut
Arachis hypogaeae1 - Treatment
- herbicide applicatione2
- Outcome
- increase in canopy diametere2
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede2
- Qualifier
- over a 5-week periode2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“evaluate the relationship between peanut seed size and tolerance of the resultant crop to normal and excessive rates of the herbicide paraquat”
e2“While seedling size at emergence reflected seed size, no interaction between seed size and herbicide treatment was detected for crop growth measured as the increase in canopy diameter over a 5-week period following herbicide application”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedling size at emergence reflected seed size in peanut.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Outcome
- seedling size at emergencee2
- Qualifier
- reflected seed sizee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“evaluate the relationship between peanut seed size and tolerance of the resultant crop to normal and excessive rates of the herbicide paraquat”
e2“While seedling size at emergence reflected seed size, no interaction between seed size and herbicide treatment was detected for crop growth measured as the increase in canopy diameter over a 5-week period following herbicide application”
Claim · model-written summary
None of the peanut seed sizes produced seedlings uniquely sensitive or abnormally tolerant of paraquat.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Outcome
- seedlings that were either uniquely sensitive or abnormally tolerant of paraquate3
- Qualifier
- None of the seed sizese3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“evaluate the relationship between peanut seed size and tolerance of the resultant crop to normal and excessive rates of the herbicide paraquat”
e3“None of the seed sizes resulted in seedlings that were either uniquely sensitive or abnormally tolerant of paraquat”
Claim · model-written summary
Two sequential applications of paraquat at 0.14 kg ai/ha each were the most damaging treatment for peanut growth.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- Two sequential applications of paraquat at 0.14 kg ai/ha eache4
- Outcome
- growth reductione4
- Direction
- most damaginge4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“evaluate the relationship between peanut seed size and tolerance of the resultant crop to normal and excessive rates of the herbicide paraquat”
e4“Two sequential applications of paraquat at 0.14 kg ai/ha each was consistently the most damaging treatment as measured in growth reduction, however yield was reduced in only one of four trials”
Claim · model-written summary
Two sequential applications of paraquat at 0.14 kg ai/ha each reduced peanut yield in only one of four trials.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- Two sequential applications of paraquat at 0.14 kg ai/ha eache4
- Outcome
- yielde4
- Direction
- reducede4
- Qualifier
- in only one of four trialse4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“evaluate the relationship between peanut seed size and tolerance of the resultant crop to normal and excessive rates of the herbicide paraquat”
e4“Two sequential applications of paraquat at 0.14 kg ai/ha each was consistently the most damaging treatment as measured in growth reduction, however yield was reduced in only one of four trials”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed size had an effect on peanut yield in only two of four trials.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Outcome
- yielde5
- Qualifier
- Seed size had an effect on yield in only two of the four trialse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“evaluate the relationship between peanut seed size and tolerance of the resultant crop to normal and excessive rates of the herbicide paraquat”
e5“Seed size had an effect on yield in only two of the four trials, and within these two trials the average yield improvement from large seed relative to medium and small seed was only 10 and 12%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Large peanut seed improved yield by 10 percent relative to medium seed, averaged over the two trials with an effect.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- large seede5
- Outcome
- yield improvemente5
- Direction
- increaseinferrede5
- Value
- 10e5
- Qualifier
- within these two trialse5
- Comparator
- mediume5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“evaluate the relationship between peanut seed size and tolerance of the resultant crop to normal and excessive rates of the herbicide paraquat”
e5“Seed size had an effect on yield in only two of the four trials, and within these two trials the average yield improvement from large seed relative to medium and small seed was only 10 and 12%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Large peanut seed improved yield by 12 percent relative to small seed, averaged over the two trials with an effect.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- large seede5
- Outcome
- yield improvemente5
- Direction
- increaseinferrede5
- Value
- 12%e5
- Qualifier
- within these two trialse5
- Comparator
- smalle5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“evaluate the relationship between peanut seed size and tolerance of the resultant crop to normal and excessive rates of the herbicide paraquat”
e5“Seed size had an effect on yield in only two of the four trials, and within these two trials the average yield improvement from large seed relative to medium and small seed was only 10 and 12%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Net return of peanut was independent of seed size.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- seed sizee6
- Outcome
- Net returne6
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede6
- Qualifier
- generallye6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“evaluate the relationship between peanut seed size and tolerance of the resultant crop to normal and excessive rates of the herbicide paraquat”
e6“Net return generally was independent of seed size”
Claim · model-written summary
Medium-sized peanut seed gave maximum net return in two of four experiments.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- medium-sized seede7
- Outcome
- net returne7
- Direction
- maximume7
- Qualifier
- in two out of the four experimentse7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“evaluate the relationship between peanut seed size and tolerance of the resultant crop to normal and excessive rates of the herbicide paraquat”
e7“medium-sized seed resulted in maximum net return in two out of the four experiments”
The same questions in other papers
paraquat · yield · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Positive and negative results
11 papers in the same direction as this paper · 8 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
16 papers more in this group
See all 20 papers →paraquat · growth · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Results agree
6 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →property · yield · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →in vitro · yield · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- positive
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →herbicide · growth · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Positive and negative results
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 18 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
23 papers more in this group
See all 27 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.