Abstract
Studies were conducted in 1988, 1989, and 1992 in Plains, GA to measure effects of paraquat and alachlor on ‘Florunner’ peanut. Peanut treated with paraquat (0.14 kg ai/ha) plus alachlor (3.4 kg ai/ha) applied at vegetative emergence (VE), or paraquat plus alachlor VE followed by paraquat 28 days after emergence (DAE) were compared with a nontreated control. Both herbicide treatments reduced peanut foliage biomass at 65 DAE in 1989 and 1992. Herbicide treatments did not affect foliage biomass 90 DAE in 1988 and 122 DAE in 1989, but paraquat plus alachlor followed by paraquat reduced foliage biomass at 122 DAE in 1992. Pod biomass, measured at 90 and 65 DAE in 1988 and 1992, respectively, was reduced by herbicides. However, pod biomass did not differ among treatments 122 DAE in 1989 and 1992. Percent reflectance from the peanut canopy measured no effects from herbicides in 1988. However, in 1989 and 1992 herbicides applied sequentially reduced peanut canopy development. Peanut treated with a single herbicide and sequentially took longer to mature. Once optimum maturity was reached, peanut yields were not reduced.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Both herbicide treatments reduced peanut foliage biomass at 65 DAE in 1989 and 1992 relative to a nontreated control.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaea
Arachis hypogaeat0 - Treatment
- herbicide treatmentse2
- Outcome
- peanut foliage biomasse2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Qualifier
- 65 DAE in 1989 and 1992e2
- Comparator
- nontreated controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)”
e1“Peanut treated with paraquat (0.14 kg ai/ha) plus alachlor (3.4 kg ai/ha) applied at vegetative emergence (VE), or paraquat plus alachlor VE followed by paraquat 28 days after emergence (DAE) were compared with a nontreated control”
e2“Both herbicide treatments reduced peanut foliage biomass at 65 DAE in 1989 and 1992”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide treatments did not affect peanut foliage biomass at 90 DAE in 1988 or 122 DAE in 1989.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaeaArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- Herbicide treatmentse3
- Outcome
- foliage biomasse3
- Direction
- did not affecte3
- Qualifier
- 90 DAE in 1988 and 122 DAE in 1989e3
- Comparator
- nontreated controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)”
e1“Peanut treated with paraquat (0.14 kg ai/ha) plus alachlor (3.4 kg ai/ha) applied at vegetative emergence (VE), or paraquat plus alachlor VE followed by paraquat 28 days after emergence (DAE) were compared with a nontreated control”
e3“Herbicide treatments did not affect foliage biomass 90 DAE in 1988 and 122 DAE in 1989”
Claim · model-written summary
Paraquat plus alachlor followed by paraquat reduced peanut foliage biomass at 122 DAE in 1992.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaeaArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- paraquat plus alachlor followed by paraquate4
- Outcome
- foliage biomasse4
- Direction
- reducede4
- Qualifier
- 122 DAE in 1992e4
- Comparator
- nontreated controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)”
e1“Peanut treated with paraquat (0.14 kg ai/ha) plus alachlor (3.4 kg ai/ha) applied at vegetative emergence (VE), or paraquat plus alachlor VE followed by paraquat 28 days after emergence (DAE) were compared with a nontreated control”
e4“but paraquat plus alachlor followed by paraquat reduced foliage biomass at 122 DAE in 1992”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicides reduced peanut pod biomass measured at 90 and 65 DAE in 1988 and 1992.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaeaArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- herbicidese5
- Outcome
- Pod biomasse5
- Direction
- reducede5
- Qualifier
- 90 and 65 DAE in 1988 and 1992, respectivelye5
- Comparator
- nontreated controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)”
e1“Peanut treated with paraquat (0.14 kg ai/ha) plus alachlor (3.4 kg ai/ha) applied at vegetative emergence (VE), or paraquat plus alachlor VE followed by paraquat 28 days after emergence (DAE) were compared with a nontreated control”
e5“Pod biomass, measured at 90 and 65 DAE in 1988 and 1992, respectively, was reduced by herbicides”
Claim · model-written summary
Peanut pod biomass did not differ among herbicide treatments at 122 DAE in 1989 and 1992.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaeaArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- Herbicide treatmentse3
- Outcome
- pod biomasse6
- Direction
- did not differe6
- Qualifier
- 122 DAE in 1989 and 1992e6
- Comparator
- among treatmentse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)”
e3“Herbicide treatments did not affect foliage biomass 90 DAE in 1988 and 122 DAE in 1989”
e6“However, pod biomass did not differ among treatments 122 DAE in 1989 and 1992”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicides had no effect on percent reflectance from the peanut canopy in 1988.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaeaArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- herbicidese7
- Outcome
- Percent reflectance from the peanut canopye7
- Direction
- no effectse7
- Qualifier
- in 1988e7
- Comparator
- nontreated controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)”
e1“Peanut treated with paraquat (0.14 kg ai/ha) plus alachlor (3.4 kg ai/ha) applied at vegetative emergence (VE), or paraquat plus alachlor VE followed by paraquat 28 days after emergence (DAE) were compared with a nontreated control”
e7“Percent reflectance from the peanut canopy measured no effects from herbicides in 1988”
Claim · model-written summary
Sequentially applied herbicides reduced peanut canopy development in 1989 and 1992.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaeaArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- herbicides applied sequentiallye3
- Outcome
- peanut canopy developmente3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Qualifier
- 1989 and 1992e3
- Comparator
- nontreated controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)”
e1“Peanut treated with paraquat (0.14 kg ai/ha) plus alachlor (3.4 kg ai/ha) applied at vegetative emergence (VE), or paraquat plus alachlor VE followed by paraquat 28 days after emergence (DAE) were compared with a nontreated control”
e3“However, in 1989 and 1992 herbicides applied sequentially reduced peanut canopy development”
Claim · model-written summary
Peanut treated with a single herbicide and sequential herbicide took longer to reach maturity.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaeaArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- a single herbicidee4
- Outcome
- maturityt1
- Direction
- longere4
- Comparator
- nontreated controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)”
t1“Growth, Maturity, and Yield”
e1“Peanut treated with paraquat (0.14 kg ai/ha) plus alachlor (3.4 kg ai/ha) applied at vegetative emergence (VE), or paraquat plus alachlor VE followed by paraquat 28 days after emergence (DAE) were compared with a nontreated control”
e4“Peanut treated with a single herbicide and sequentially took longer to mature”
Claim · model-written summary
Once optimum maturity was reached, peanut yields were not reduced by the herbicide treatments.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaeaArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- herbicide treatmentse2
- Outcome
- peanut yieldse5
- Direction
- were not reducede5
- Qualifier
- Once optimum maturity was reachede5
- Comparator
- nontreated controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)”
e1“Peanut treated with paraquat (0.14 kg ai/ha) plus alachlor (3.4 kg ai/ha) applied at vegetative emergence (VE), or paraquat plus alachlor VE followed by paraquat 28 days after emergence (DAE) were compared with a nontreated control”
e2“Both herbicide treatments reduced peanut foliage biomass at 65 DAE in 1989 and 1992”
e5“Once optimum maturity was reached, peanut yields were not reduced”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.