Abstract
In the greenhouse, naptalam at 1.1 to 4.5 kg ai ha −1 antagonized activity of paraquat at 0.04 to 0.14 kg ai ha −1 in 14 of 16 rate combinations when applied to sicklepod. Sicklepod shoot fresh weight reduction was less compared to that obtained with paraquat alone when paraquat at 0.04 kg ha −1 was mixed with bentazon at 0.42 to 0.84 kg ai ha −1 or monocarbamide dihydrogensulfate at 14 to 58 kg ai ha −1 . Paraquat activity on Florida beggarweed was antagonized by mixtures of paraquat at 0.04 or 0.07 kg ha −1 with bentazon at 0.63 or 0.84 kg ha −1 or paraquat at 0.04 to 0.14 kg ha −1 with naptalam at 3.4 or 4.5 kg ha −1 . Mixtures of lactofen at 0.06 to 0.22 kg ai ha −1 with monocarbamide dihydrogensulfate at 14 kg ha −1 or lactofen at 0.06 or 0.16 kg ha −1 with alachlor at 1.4 to 2.8 kg ai ha −1 synergistically increased tall morningglory shoot fresh weight reduction. In the field, excellent sicklepod shoot fresh weight reduction by paraquat applied alone masked most antagonistic effects of paraquat mixtures. Addition of alachlor to monocarbamide dihydrogensulfate at 29 kg ha −1 improved activity on sicklepod compared to monocarbamide dihydrogensulfate applied alone.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Naptalam antagonized paraquat activity on sicklepod in 14 of 16 rate combinations.
- Taxon
- Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)
Arachis hypogaeat0 - Treatment
- naptalam at 1.1 to 4.5 kg ai ha −1e0
- Outcome
- activity of paraquate0
- Direction
- antagonizede0
- Value
- 14 of 16 rate combinationse0
- Comparator
- paraquat at 0.04 to 0.14 kg ai ha −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“naptalam at 1.1 to 4.5 kg ai ha −1 antagonized activity of paraquat at 0.04 to 0.14 kg ai ha −1 in 14 of 16 rate combinations when applied to sicklepod”
t0“Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)”
t1“Three Weed Species”
Claim · model-written summary
Bentazon with paraquat reduced sicklepod shoot fresh weight less than paraquat alone.
- Taxon
- Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)Arachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- paraquat at 0.04 kg ha −1 was mixed with bentazon at 0.42 to 0.84 kg ai ha −1e0
- Outcome
- Sicklepod shoot fresh weight reductione0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- paraquat alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sicklepod shoot fresh weight reduction was less compared to that obtained with paraquat alone when paraquat at 0.04 kg ha −1 was mixed with bentazon at 0.42 to 0.84 kg ai ha −1”
t0“Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)”
t1“Three Weed Species”
Claim · model-written summary
Monocarbamide dihydrogensulfate with paraquat reduced sicklepod shoot fresh weight less than paraquat alone.
- Taxon
- Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)Arachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- monocarbamide dihydrogensulfate at 14 to 58 kg ai ha −1e0
- Outcome
- Sicklepod shoot fresh weight reductione0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- paraquat alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sicklepod shoot fresh weight reduction was less compared to that obtained with paraquat alone when paraquat at 0.04 kg ha −1 was mixed with bentazon at 0.42 to 0.84 kg ai ha −1 or monocarbamide dihydrogensulfate at 14 to 58 kg ai ha −1”
t0“Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)”
t1“Three Weed Species”
Claim · model-written summary
Bentazon mixtures antagonized paraquat activity on Florida beggarweed.
- Taxon
- Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)Arachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- mixtures of paraquat at 0.04 or 0.07 kg ha −1 with bentazon at 0.63 or 0.84 kg ha −1e0
- Interactor
- Florida beggarweed
Desmodium tortuosume0weedt1 - Outcome
- Paraquat activity on Florida beggarweede0
- Direction
- antagonizede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Paraquat activity on Florida beggarweed was antagonized by mixtures of paraquat at 0.04 or 0.07 kg ha −1 with bentazon at 0.63 or 0.84 kg ha −1”
t0“Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)”
t1“Three Weed Species”
Claim · model-written summary
Naptalam mixtures antagonized paraquat activity on Florida beggarweed.
- Taxon
- Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)Arachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- paraquat at 0.04 to 0.14 kg ha −1 with naptalam at 3.4 or 4.5 kg ha −1e0
- Interactor
- Florida beggarweedDesmodium tortuosume0weedt1
- Outcome
- Paraquat activity on Florida beggarweede0
- Direction
- antagonizede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Paraquat activity on Florida beggarweed was antagonized by mixtures of paraquat at 0.04 or 0.07 kg ha −1 with bentazon at 0.63 or 0.84 kg ha −1 or paraquat at 0.04 to 0.14 kg ha −1 with naptalam at 3.4 or 4.5 kg ha −1”
t0“Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)”
t1“Three Weed Species”
Claim · model-written summary
Lactofen with monocarbamide dihydrogensulfate synergistically increased tall morningglory shoot fresh weight reduction.
- Taxon
- Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)Arachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- lactofen at 0.06 to 0.22 kg ai ha −1 with monocarbamide dihydrogensulfate at 14 kg ha −1e0
- Outcome
- tall morningglory shoot fresh weight reductione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mixtures of lactofen at 0.06 to 0.22 kg ai ha −1 with monocarbamide dihydrogensulfate at 14 kg ha −1 or lactofen at 0.06 or 0.16 kg ha −1 with alachlor at 1.4 to 2.8 kg ai ha −1 synergistically increased tall morningglory shoot fresh weight reduction”
t0“Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)”
t1“Three Weed Species”
Claim · model-written summary
Lactofen with alachlor synergistically increased tall morningglory shoot fresh weight reduction.
- Taxon
- Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)Arachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- lactofen at 0.06 or 0.16 kg ha −1 with alachlor at 1.4 to 2.8 kg ai ha −1e0
- Outcome
- tall morningglory shoot fresh weight reductione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mixtures of lactofen at 0.06 to 0.22 kg ai ha −1 with monocarbamide dihydrogensulfate at 14 kg ha −1 or lactofen at 0.06 or 0.16 kg ha −1 with alachlor at 1.4 to 2.8 kg ai ha −1 synergistically increased tall morningglory shoot fresh weight reduction”
t0“Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)”
t1“Three Weed Species”
Claim · model-written summary
Field paraquat alone reduced sicklepod shoot fresh weight enough to mask most mixture antagonism.
- Taxon
- Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)Arachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- paraquat applied alonee0
- Outcome
- sicklepod shoot fresh weight reductione0
- Setting
- fielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the field, excellent sicklepod shoot fresh weight reduction by paraquat applied alone masked most antagonistic effects of paraquat mixtures”
t0“Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)”
t1“Three Weed Species”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding alachlor improved monocarbamide dihydrogensulfate activity on sicklepod.
- Taxon
- Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)Arachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- Addition of alachlor to monocarbamide dihydrogensulfate at 29 kg ha −1e0
- Outcome
- activity on sicklepode0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- monocarbamide dihydrogensulfate applied alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Addition of alachlor to monocarbamide dihydrogensulfate at 29 kg ha −1 improved activity on sicklepod compared to monocarbamide dihydrogensulfate applied alone”
t0“Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)”
t1“Three Weed Species”
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