Abstract
Abstract Imazapic, diclosulam, and flumioxazin have been registered for use in peanut since 1996. These herbicides provide substantial residual control of broadleaf weeds in peanut. A comprehensive review was conducted for these residual herbicides to determine their role in future weed control systems in peanuts. Weed control data for research from over 100 experiments conducted from 1990–2000 by Georgia, Florida, and Auburn Universities and USDA-ARS scientists were compiled. Residual herbicide systems evaluated were imazapic postemergence (POST) at 71 g ai/ha, flumioxazin preemergence (PRE) at 70, 87, and 104 g ai/ha, diclosulam preplant incorporated (PPI) and PRE at 18 and 26 g ai/ha, and paraquat plus bentazon early POST (EPOST). Other treatments included the residual herbicides used in combination with paraquat plus bentazon EPOST, for a total of 17 treatments. Regionally important weeds were selected and included: sicklepod, Florida beggarweed, purple and yellow nut-sedge, Ipomoea morningglory species, and smallflower morningglory. Sicklepod control with imazapic alone was 86% (50 tests), 73% (25 tests) with paraquat plus bentazon, and 63% or less with diclosulam and flumioxazin regardless of rate. Florida beggarweed control was 90% (29 tests) with flumioxazin (104 g/ha PRE); 78% (50 tests) with diclosulam 26 g/ha PPI; 72% (72 tests) with imazapic; and 70% (40 tests) with paraquat plus bentazon. Purple and yellow nutsedge control was 90% with imazapic. Yellow nutsedge control was 78% (18 tests) with diclosulam (26 g/ha PRE) and less than 69% with flumioxazin and paraquat plus bentazon. Paraquat plus bentazon increased weed control over residual herbicides alone.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Imazapic alone controls sicklepod at 86%.
- Taxon
- peanut
Arachis hypogaeae0 - Treatment
- imazapice1
- Interactor
- sicklepode1weed
- Outcome
- Sicklepod controle1
- Direction
- increaseinferrede1
- Value
- 86%e1
- Qualifier
- 50 testse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Imazapic, diclosulam, and flumioxazin have been registered for use in peanut since 1996”
e1“Sicklepod control with imazapic alone was 86% (50 tests), 73% (25 tests) with paraquat plus bentazon, and 63% or less with diclosulam and flumioxazin regardless of rate”
Claim · model-written summary
Paraquat plus bentazon controls sicklepod at 73%, lower than imazapic alone.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- paraquat plus bentazone1
- Interactor
- sicklepode1weed
- Outcome
- Sicklepod controle1
- Direction
- lowerinferrede1
- Value
- 73%e1
- Qualifier
- 25 testse1
- Comparator
- imazapic alonee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Imazapic, diclosulam, and flumioxazin have been registered for use in peanut since 1996”
e1“Sicklepod control with imazapic alone was 86% (50 tests), 73% (25 tests) with paraquat plus bentazon, and 63% or less with diclosulam and flumioxazin regardless of rate”
Claim · model-written summary
Diclosulam controls sicklepod at 63% or less, regardless of rate.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- diclosulame1
- Interactor
- sicklepode1weed
- Outcome
- Sicklepod controle1
- Direction
- lowerinferrede1
- Value
- 63% or lesse1
- Qualifier
- regardless of ratee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Imazapic, diclosulam, and flumioxazin have been registered for use in peanut since 1996”
e1“Sicklepod control with imazapic alone was 86% (50 tests), 73% (25 tests) with paraquat plus bentazon, and 63% or less with diclosulam and flumioxazin regardless of rate”
Claim · model-written summary
Flumioxazin controls sicklepod at 63% or less, regardless of rate.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- flumioxazine1
- Interactor
- sicklepode1weed
- Outcome
- Sicklepod controle1
- Direction
- lowerinferrede1
- Value
- 63% or lesse1
- Qualifier
- regardless of ratee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Imazapic, diclosulam, and flumioxazin have been registered for use in peanut since 1996”
e1“Sicklepod control with imazapic alone was 86% (50 tests), 73% (25 tests) with paraquat plus bentazon, and 63% or less with diclosulam and flumioxazin regardless of rate”
Claim · model-written summary
Flumioxazin at 104 g/ha PRE controls Florida beggarweed at 90%.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- flumioxazin (104 g/ha PRE)e2
- Interactor
- Florida beggarweed
Desmodium tortuosume2weed - Outcome
- Florida beggarweed controle2
- Direction
- increaseinferrede2
- Value
- 90%e2
- Qualifier
- 29 testse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Imazapic, diclosulam, and flumioxazin have been registered for use in peanut since 1996”
e2“Florida beggarweed control was 90% (29 tests) with flumioxazin (104 g/ha PRE); 78% (50 tests) with diclosulam 26 g/ha PPI; 72% (72 tests) with imazapic; and 70% (40 tests) with paraquat plus bentazon”
Claim · model-written summary
Diclosulam at 26 g/ha PPI controls Florida beggarweed at 78%.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- diclosulam 26 g/ha PPIe2
- Interactor
- Florida beggarweedDesmodium tortuosume2weed
- Outcome
- Florida beggarweed controle2
- Direction
- increaseinferrede2
- Value
- 78%e2
- Qualifier
- 50 testse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Imazapic, diclosulam, and flumioxazin have been registered for use in peanut since 1996”
e2“Florida beggarweed control was 90% (29 tests) with flumioxazin (104 g/ha PRE); 78% (50 tests) with diclosulam 26 g/ha PPI; 72% (72 tests) with imazapic; and 70% (40 tests) with paraquat plus bentazon”
Claim · model-written summary
Imazapic controls Florida beggarweed at 72%.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- imazapice2
- Interactor
- Florida beggarweedDesmodium tortuosume2weed
- Outcome
- Florida beggarweed controle2
- Direction
- increaseinferrede2
- Value
- 72%e2
- Qualifier
- 72 testse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Imazapic, diclosulam, and flumioxazin have been registered for use in peanut since 1996”
e2“Florida beggarweed control was 90% (29 tests) with flumioxazin (104 g/ha PRE); 78% (50 tests) with diclosulam 26 g/ha PPI; 72% (72 tests) with imazapic; and 70% (40 tests) with paraquat plus bentazon”
Claim · model-written summary
Paraquat plus bentazon controls Florida beggarweed at 70%.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- paraquat plus bentazone2
- Interactor
- Florida beggarweedDesmodium tortuosume2weed
- Outcome
- Florida beggarweed controle2
- Direction
- increaseinferrede2
- Value
- 70%e2
- Qualifier
- 40 testse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Imazapic, diclosulam, and flumioxazin have been registered for use in peanut since 1996”
e2“Florida beggarweed control was 90% (29 tests) with flumioxazin (104 g/ha PRE); 78% (50 tests) with diclosulam 26 g/ha PPI; 72% (72 tests) with imazapic; and 70% (40 tests) with paraquat plus bentazon”
Claim · model-written summary
Imazapic controls purple and yellow nutsedge at 90%.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- imazapice3
- Interactor
- Purple and yellow nutsedgee3weed
- Outcome
- nutsedge controle3
- Direction
- increaseinferrede3
- Value
- 90%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Imazapic, diclosulam, and flumioxazin have been registered for use in peanut since 1996”
e3“Purple and yellow nutsedge control was 90% with imazapic”
Claim · model-written summary
Diclosulam at 26 g/ha PRE controls yellow nutsedge at 78%.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- diclosulam (26 g/ha PRE)e4
- Interactor
- Yellow nutsedgee4weed
- Outcome
- Yellow nutsedge controle4
- Direction
- increaseinferrede4
- Value
- 78%e4
- Qualifier
- 18 testse4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Imazapic, diclosulam, and flumioxazin have been registered for use in peanut since 1996”
e4“Yellow nutsedge control was 78% (18 tests) with diclosulam (26 g/ha PRE) and less than 69% with flumioxazin and paraquat plus bentazon”
Claim · model-written summary
Flumioxazin controls yellow nutsedge at less than 69%.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- flumioxazine4
- Interactor
- Yellow nutsedgee4weed
- Outcome
- Yellow nutsedge controle4
- Direction
- less thane4
- Value
- less than 69%e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Imazapic, diclosulam, and flumioxazin have been registered for use in peanut since 1996”
e4“Yellow nutsedge control was 78% (18 tests) with diclosulam (26 g/ha PRE) and less than 69% with flumioxazin and paraquat plus bentazon”
Claim · model-written summary
Paraquat plus bentazon controls yellow nutsedge at less than 69%.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- paraquat plus bentazone4
- Interactor
- Yellow nutsedgee4weed
- Outcome
- Yellow nutsedge controle4
- Direction
- less thane4
- Value
- less than 69%e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Imazapic, diclosulam, and flumioxazin have been registered for use in peanut since 1996”
e4“Yellow nutsedge control was 78% (18 tests) with diclosulam (26 g/ha PRE) and less than 69% with flumioxazin and paraquat plus bentazon”
Claim · model-written summary
Paraquat plus bentazon increases weed control over residual herbicides alone.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- paraquat plus bentazone5
- Outcome
- weed controle5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Comparator
- residual herbicides alonee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Imazapic, diclosulam, and flumioxazin have been registered for use in peanut since 1996”
e5“Paraquat plus bentazon increased weed control over residual herbicides alone”
The same questions in other papers
paraquat · weed · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Positive and negative results
3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
Diclosulam · Desmodium tortuosum · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →imazapic · Desmodium tortuosum · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →bentazone · Desmodium tortuosum · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- negative
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →bentazone · weed · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →paraquat · Desmodium tortuosum · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- negative
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →flumioxazin · control · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Positive and negative results
14 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- no effect
14 papers more in this group
See all 18 papers →paraquat · control · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Positive and negative results
15 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
15 papers more in this group
See all 19 papers →8 of 14 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.