Abstract
The stage of fruiting subsequent to flowering of peanut plants is called pegging. Pegs naturally produce ethylene during initial stages of growth. This study was done to test whether an exogenous source of ethylene, Ethrel [(2‐ chloroethyl) phosphonic acid], could affect growth, pegging, and yield of peanut plants. Spanish‐type peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) plants grown in the greenhouse were sprayed to runoff with different Ethrel concentrations. Dry weight of the shoots was not reduced. Concentrations below 5 × 10 −4 M did not inhibit flowering, but all concentrations except 10 −5 M reduced production of mature pods and seeds. Three applications of 5 × 10 −4 M Ethrel at 2‐week intervals beginning 2 and 3 weeks postemergence (PE) caused prolonged inhibition of the onset of flowering, and there was eventual cessation of flowering in treatments beginning at 4 weeks PE. All treatments reduced production of mature pods and seeds. Only a single application of 5 × 10 −4 M Ethrel at 6 weeks PE did not reduce yield. In 1976 field trials, Ethrel was applied at 0, 0.14, and 0.28 kg active ingredient/ha in 374 liters of water/ha. Three applications of each rate were made to separate plots at 2‐week intervals beginning 2 weeks PE. There was no significant effect on yield or value for ‘Start,’ ‘Tanmut 74,’ and ‘Florunner’ cultivars. In 1977, two separate field trials were conducted with single PE Ethrel treatments of 0, 0.28, and 0.56 kg active ingredient/ha at 4 weeks (early flowering) and 0 and 0.56 kg/ha at weeks. The 4‐week application at both rates reduced yields, but did not affect value. However, treatment at 10 weeks did not affect yields, but reduced value, indicating delayed fruit maturation in addition to inhibition of late flowering. Although flowering of peanut plants was readily regulated by Ethrel treatment, it had either no effect or its effect(s) was deleterious to yield and value of peanuts over a range of concentrations and times of application.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Ethrel spraying did not reduce shoot dry weight of peanut plants.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaea
Arachis hypogaeae0 - Treatment
- different Ethrel concentrationse0
- Outcome
- Dry weight of the shootse1
- Direction
- not reducede1
- Setting
- greenhousee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spanish‐type peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) plants grown in the greenhouse were sprayed to runoff with different Ethrel concentrations”
e1“Dry weight of the shoots was not reduced”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethrel concentrations below 5 × 10 −4 M did not inhibit flowering of peanut plants.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaeaArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- Concentrations below 5 × 10 −4 Me2
- Outcome
- floweringe2
- Direction
- did not inhibite2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spanish‐type peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) plants grown in the greenhouse were sprayed to runoff with different Ethrel concentrations”
e2“Concentrations below 5 × 10 −4 M did not inhibit flowering”
Claim · model-written summary
All Ethrel concentrations except 10 −5 M reduced production of mature pods and seeds.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaeaArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- all concentrations except 10 −5 Me3
- Outcome
- production of mature pods and seedse3
- Direction
- reducede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spanish‐type peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) plants grown in the greenhouse were sprayed to runoff with different Ethrel concentrations”
e3“all concentrations except 10 −5 M reduced production of mature pods and seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Three applications of 5 × 10 −4 M Ethrel at two-week intervals caused prolonged inhibition of the onset of flowering.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaeaArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- Three applications of 5 × 10 −4 M Ethrele4
- Outcome
- onset of floweringe4
- Direction
- prolonged inhibitione4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spanish‐type peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) plants grown in the greenhouse were sprayed to runoff with different Ethrel concentrations”
e4“Three applications of 5 × 10 −4 M Ethrel at 2‐week intervals beginning 2 and 3 weeks postemergence (PE) caused prolonged inhibition of the onset of flowering”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethrel treatments beginning at 4 weeks after emergence caused eventual cessation of flowering.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaeaArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- treatments beginning at 4 weeks PEe5
- Outcome
- cessation of floweringe5
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spanish‐type peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) plants grown in the greenhouse were sprayed to runoff with different Ethrel concentrations”
e5“there was eventual cessation of flowering in treatments beginning at 4 weeks PE”
Claim · model-written summary
All Ethrel treatments reduced production of mature pods and seeds.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaeaArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- Ethrele0
- Outcome
- production of mature pods and seedse6
- Direction
- reducede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spanish‐type peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) plants grown in the greenhouse were sprayed to runoff with different Ethrel concentrations”
e6“All treatments reduced production of mature pods and seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
A single 5 × 10 −4 M Ethrel application at 6 weeks did not reduce peanut yield.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaeaArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- Only a single application of 5 × 10 −4 M Ethrel at 6 weeks PEe7
- Outcome
- yielde7
- Direction
- did not reducee7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spanish‐type peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) plants grown in the greenhouse were sprayed to runoff with different Ethrel concentrations”
e7“Only a single application of 5 × 10 −4 M Ethrel at 6 weeks PE did not reduce yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethrel applied at 0, 0.14 and 0.28 kg active ingredient/ha in 1976 field trials had no significant effect on yield or value of Tanmut 74.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaeaArachis hypogaeae0
- Material
- Tanmut 74e1
- Treatment
- Ethrele2
- Outcome
- yield or valuee1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede2
- Setting
- field trialse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spanish‐type peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) plants grown in the greenhouse were sprayed to runoff with different Ethrel concentrations”
e1“There was no significant effect on yield or value for ‘Start,’ ‘Tanmut 74,’ and ‘Florunner’ cultivars”
e2“In 1976 field trials, Ethrel was applied at 0, 0.14, and 0.28 kg active ingredient/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
The 4-week Ethrel application at both rates reduced peanut yields.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaeaArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- 4‐week applicatione3
- Outcome
- yieldse3
- Direction
- reducede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spanish‐type peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) plants grown in the greenhouse were sprayed to runoff with different Ethrel concentrations”
e3“The 4‐week application at both rates reduced yields, but did not affect value”
Claim · model-written summary
The 4-week Ethrel application at both rates did not affect peanut value.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaeaArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- 4‐week applicatione3
- Outcome
- valuee3
- Direction
- did not affecte3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spanish‐type peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) plants grown in the greenhouse were sprayed to runoff with different Ethrel concentrations”
e3“The 4‐week application at both rates reduced yields, but did not affect value”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethrel treatment at 10 weeks did not affect peanut yields.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaeaArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- treatment at 10 weekse4
- Outcome
- yieldse4
- Direction
- did not affecte4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spanish‐type peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) plants grown in the greenhouse were sprayed to runoff with different Ethrel concentrations”
e4“However, treatment at 10 weeks did not affect yields, but reduced value, indicating delayed fruit maturation in addition to inhibition of late flowering”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethrel treatment at 10 weeks reduced peanut value, indicating delayed fruit maturation.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaeaArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- treatment at 10 weekse4
- Outcome
- valuee4
- Direction
- reducede4
- Qualifier
- indicating delayed fruit maturatione4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spanish‐type peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) plants grown in the greenhouse were sprayed to runoff with different Ethrel concentrations”
e4“However, treatment at 10 weeks did not affect yields, but reduced value, indicating delayed fruit maturation in addition to inhibition of late flowering”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethrel treatment readily regulated flowering of peanut plants.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaeaArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- Ethrel treatmente5
- Outcome
- floweringe5
- Direction
- regulatede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spanish‐type peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) plants grown in the greenhouse were sprayed to runoff with different Ethrel concentrations”
e5“Although flowering of peanut plants was readily regulated by Ethrel treatment”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.